The classic human skin graft experiments of Gibson and Medawar in 1943 demonstrated the immunologic specificity of allograft rejection — donor specific response, systemic immunity and immunological memory.
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The Human Organ Transplant Act of 1989 in the UK set up a new supervisory government agency (ULTRA), which permitted transplants between emotionally bonded persons, such as husband and wife, yet sought to prevent any purely commercial arrangements.
A. 对
B. 错
In2006,possibilitiesemergedthatavoidedtheethicalconcernssurroundingembryonicstemcellresearch.Adult somatic cells,inbothanimalsandhumans,werefoundcapableofreturningtoanembryonicstate via transfection of several key transcription factors.
A. 对
B. 错
Patients receiving immunosuppressants, including cyclosporine, tacrolimus, azathiopurine, etc, are at increased risk of developing lymphomas and other malignancies, particularly of the brain. The risk appears to be related to the intensity and duration of immunosuppression rather than to the use of any specific agent.
A. 对
B. 错
Patients receiving immunosuppressants, including cyclosporine and tacrolimus, are at decreased risk of developing bacterial, viral, fungal, and protozoal infections, including opportunistic infections.
A. 对
B. 错