Then in 1858, the schedule was interrupted. Farmer Gray died. Three days after the funeral exactly at one o'clock, Traill found him self looking into a pair of beseeching canine eyes. Bobby got his bun and disappeared. This was repeated for several days until Traill's curiosity got the better of him. He followed the small terrier as he left and raced to his master's grave. There he remained each day, fair or foul, despite the efforts of dog-loving townspeople to give him a new home. The graveyard caretaker, while sympathetic, was at first not so willing to let him in. But Bobby's devotion and fidelity were so great that the caretaker provided Bobby with a shelter close to the grave to protect him from bad weather.
Then, after nine years, Bobby was arrested as a vagrant because he had no license. The restaurant keeper appeared in court with Bob by mile was released by merciful justice. But just to make sure the law could not touch him. Lord Provost William Chambers paid Bobby's fee each year and presented him with a brass-plated collar inscribed "Grey friars' Bobby from The Lord Provost, 1876, License."
After that, Grey friars' Bobby was allowed to keep his lonely vigil undisturbed. He never varied his mealtime. Each day he left the graveyard as the gun roared one o'clock to pick up his bun and take it back to eat at his master's side. He must have been really hardy for he lived until 1872, having kept to his solitary post for fourteen long years. He was buried in Grey friars, of course, in a flower bed near John Gray's tombstone.
An appropriate title for the passage could be _______.
A. Traill's Dining Room
B. Farmer John Gray
C. Bobby the Faithful
D. Lord Provost William Chambers
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)
My objective is to analyse certain forms of knowledge, not in terms of repression or law, but in terms of power. But the word power is apt to lead to misunderstandings about the nature, form, and unity of power. By power, I do not mean a group of institutions and mechanisms that ensure the subservience of the citizenry. I do not mean, either, a mode of subjugation that, in contrast to violence, has the form. of the rule. Finally, I do not have in mind a general system of domination exerted by one group over another, a system whose effects, through successive derivations, pervade the entire social body. The sovereignty of the state, the form. of law or the overall unity of a domination are only the terminal forms power takes.
It seems to me that power must be understood as the multiplicity of force relations that are immanent in the social sphere; as the process that, through ceaseless struggle and confrontation, transforms, strenghtens, or reverses them; as the support that these force relations find in one another, or on the contrary, the disjunction and contradictions that isolate them from one another; and lastly, as the strategies in which they take effect, whose general design or institutional crystallization is embodied in the state apparatus, in the formulation of the law, in the various social hegemonies.
Thus, the viewpoint that permits one to understand the exercise of power, even in its more "peripheral" effects, and that also makes it possible to use its mechanisms as a structural framework for analysing the social order, must not be sought in a unique source of sovereignty from which secondary and descendent for/ns of power emanate but in the moving substrate of force relations that, by virtue of their inequality, constantly engender local and unstable states of power. If power seems omnipresent, it is not because it has the privilege of consolidating everything under its invincible unity, but because it is produced from one moment to the next at every point, or rather in every relation from one point to another. Power is everywhere, not because it embraces everything, but because it comes from everywhere. And if power at times seems to be permanent, repetitious, invert, and self-reproducing, it is simply because the overall effect that emerges from all these mobilities is a concatenation that rests on each of them and seeks in torn to arrest their movement. One needs to be nominalistic, no doubt: power is not an institution, and not a structure; neither is it a certain strength we are endowed with; it is the name that one attributes to a complex strategic situation in a particular society.
The author's primary purpose in defining power is to ______.
A. counteract self-serving and confusing uses of the term
B. establish a compromise among those who have defined the term in different ways
C. increase comprehension of the term by providing concrete examples
D. avoid possible misinterpretations resulting from the more common uses of the term