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自中国证监会书面确认()起，基金备案手续办理完毕，开放式基金合同生效。
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在企业应用系统开发中，方法调用(Method Invocation)和消息(Messaging)机制是两种常用的数据处理与交换方式，下面关于这两种机制的描述，不正确的是(33)。
是指一家基金管理公司所拥有的基金产品大类中有多少更加细化的子类基金。
面向对象系统由对象及其相互间的通信构成。一般来说，面向对象软件的测试可以分为4个层次进行。其中，(3)测试，测试类中定义的每个方法，基本上相当于传统软件测试中的(4)；(5)测试，测试一组协同工作的类之间的相互作用。
The first statement comes from 2005, the second from 1830. On both occasions, the object of scorn was a parliamentary bill that promised to sweep away " antiquated" licensing laws. As liberal regulations came into force this week, Britons on both sides of the debate unwittingly followed a 19th-century script.
Reformers then, as now, took a benign view of human nature. Make booze cheaper and more readily available, said the liberalisers, and drinkers would develop sensible, continental European-style. ways. Nonsense, retorted the critics. Habits are hard to change; if Britons can drink easily, they will drink more.
Worryingly for modern advocates of liberalisation, earlier doomsayers turned out to be right. Between 1820 and 1840, consumption of malt (which is used to make beer) increased by more than 50%. Worse, Britons developed a keener taste for what Thomas Carlyle called "liquid madness"—gin and other spirits.
The backlash was fierce. Critics pointed to widespread debauchery in the more disreputable sections of the working class. They were particularly worried about the people who, in a later age, came to be known as "ladettes". An acute fear, says Virginia Berridge, who studies temperance at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, was that women would pass on their sinful ways to their children.
In the 19th century, temperance organisations set up their own newspapers to educate the public about the consequences of excess. That, at least, has changed: these days, the mainstream media rail against the demon drink all by themselves.
According to the text, the phrase "the second" in the second paragraph refers to______.
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