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The reference to "Naiman and his colleagues (978)" in Paragraph 4 is made ______.

A. to point out the advantages of an analytical approach
B. to point out that language learning strategies can be identified
C. to point out that different learners learn differently
D. to point out the uniqueness of language learning situations

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What are they learning？ In a Vermont college town I found the answer sitting in a toy store book rack, next to typical kids' books like "Heather Has Two Mommies and Daddy is 'Dysfunctional'". It's a teacher's guide called "Happy To Be Me", subtitled "Building Self-Esteem". Self-esteem as it turns out, is a big subject in American classrooms. Many American schools see building it as important as teaching reading and writing. They call it "whole language" teaching, borrowing terminology from the granola people to compete in the education marketplace.
No one ever spent a moment building my self-esteem when I was in school. In fact, from the day I first stepped inside a classroom my self-esteem was one big demolition site. All that mattered was "the subject", be it geography, history, or mathematics. I was praised when I remembered that "near", "fit", "friendly", "pleasing", "like" and their opposites took the dative case in Latin. I was reviled when I forgot what a cosine was good for. Generally, I lived my school years beneath a torrent of castigation so consistent I eventually ceased to hear it, as people who live near the sea eventually stop hearing the waves.
Schools have changed. Reviling is out, for one thing. More important, subjects have changed. Whereas I learned English, modern kids learn something called "language skills". Whereas I learned writing, modern kids learn something called "communication". Communication, the book tells us, is seven per cent words, twenty three per cent facial expression, twenty per cent tone of voice, and fifty per cent body language. So this column, with its carefully chosen words, would earn at most a grade of seven per cent. That is, if the school even gave out something as oppressive and demanding as grades.
The result is that, in place of English classes, American children are getting a course in "How to Win Friends and Influence People". Consider the new attitude toward journal writing: I remember one high school English class when we were required to keep a journal. The idea was to emulate those great writers who confided in dimes, searching their soul and honing their critical thinking on paper.
"Happy To Be Me" states that journals are a great way for students to get in touch with their feelings. Tell students they can write one sentence or a whole page. Reassure them that no one, not even you, will read what they write. After the unit, hopefully all students will be feeling good about themselves and will want to share some of their entries with the class.
There was a time when no self-respecting book for English teachers would use "great" or "hopefully" that way. Moreover, back then the purpose of English courses (an antique term for "Unit") was not to help students "feel good about themselves". Which is good, because all that reviling didn't make me feel particularly good about anything .
In Paragraph 2, "whole language" teaching is in inverted commas because ______.

A. the writer is using direct speech
B. the writer is questioning the education concept
C. the words quoted have been extracted from a translation
D. the writer is quoting from another source

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The main point of Paragraph 5 is ______.

A. to describe the existing research in the field
B. to point out the limits of research in this area
C. to describe learning strategies identified as so
D. to summarize the scope of the present article

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The last paragraph of this passage indicates that ______.

A. labor resisted a reduction of money-wages, which characterized the depression of the 1930s in the U. S.
B. labor demanded a real wage, which characterized the depression of the 1930s in the U.S.
C. neither labor refusing to work for a lower money-wage nor demanding a real wage could characterize the depression of the 1930s in the U. S.
D. both A ＆ B

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The sound of the roaring of a tiger is heard by jungle dwellers feelings of

A. always, with
B. ever, without
C. ever, with
D. never, without

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The reference to "Naiman and his colleagues (978)" in Paragraph 4 is made ______.

A. to point out the advantages of an analytical approach B. to point out that language learning strategies can be identified C. to point out that different learners learn differently D. to point out the uniqueness of language learning situations

The main point of Paragraph 5 is ______.

The last paragraph of this passage indicates that ______.

The sound of the roaring of a tiger is ______ heard by jungle dwellers ______ feelings of

A. to point out the advantages of an analytical approach
B. to point out that language learning strategies can be identified
C. to point out that different learners learn differently
D. to point out the uniqueness of language learning situations

The sound of the roaring of a tiger is heard by jungle dwellers feelings of