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听力原文：M: So, what is your biology project about？
W: It is about microorganisms that live by chemosynthesis.
M: Err...what's chemosynthesis？
W: Well, it's pretty complicated. You know how most life on Earth depends either directly or indirectly on sunlight？
M: You mean like plants get energy directly from sunlight, and animals eat plants, so they depend indirectly on sunlight？
W: Right. But down on the ocean floor, there is no sunlight. In some places though, there are hydrothermal vents, which are small cracks on the ocean floor. And these vents release heat and minerals from the inside of the Earth into the seawater. And all along the vents there are these unusual microorganisms. They are called archaean. And these archaean use chemical reactions to get their energy from the minerals. The minerals that are released by the vents. So their energy comes from chemical reactions, not sunlight.
M: So chemosynthesis is getting their energy from chemicals？
W: That's right.
M: That makes archaean very different from other forms of life.
W: And their genetic makeup is very different, too. They are one sort of organisms just like bacteria are, but genetically they are as different from bacteria as we humans are.
M: Wah, that's a really interesting project.
(23)
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Passports
If you've ever traveled outside the United States, one of the most important tasks you had to complete before your trip was applying for a passport. A copy of your original birth certificate may suffice for short trips to Mexico or the Caribbean, say on a cruise. But, generally speaking, want to see the world, you have to have a passport—the only universally accepted form. of identification.
What Exactly Is a Passport and How Long Has It Been Around？
Passports have been around in some form. for hundreds of years. Governments learned long ago that an official document or certification—one that identified a traveler as a citizen or national with a right to protection while abroad and a right to return to the country of his citizenship—is a necessity. Passports, letters of transit and similar documents were used for centuries to allow individuals to travel safely in foreign lands, but the adoption of the passport by all nations is a development of the 19th and 20th centuries. According to State Department historians, except for brief periods during wartime, passports were not generally required for travel abroad and few obstacles were presented by foreign states' passport requirements until after 1914. An executive order made on Dec. 15, 1915, required every person entering or leaving the United States to have a valid passport.
In the United States, passports are issued upon application to U.S. citizens by the State Department and its 13 passport agencies in major cities, by the clerks of federal and certain state courts, certain designated post offices and by U.S. consular authorities abroad. The passport is required for both departure from and re-entry to the United States. It is valid for 10 years for adults and five years for people under 18. A U.S. passport cannot simply be renewed but must be completely replaced when it expires.
Applying for a Passport
You can find passport applications at any regional passport agency or at designated post offices or clerk of court offices. Today, you can even download and print your own passport applications. However, you still have to go in person to apply for your first passport.
You should apply for your passport several months in advance of your planned departure, making sure you fill in the dates of your upcoming trip in the appropriate place on the application. If you'll need visas from foreign embassies, allow more time.
As a rule, it takes about 25 business days to process your passport application and get the document sent to you. Something to think about: Lines are longest at passport agencies from January to July, resulting in longer waiting times for applicants. You might want to avoid the crowds by applying through a nearby clerk of court or post office that accepts passport applications.
The passport agency processes expedited passports within three working days from receipt of the application. If you choose not to pay for overnight mail, you should receive your passport in 7-10 business days. You can also expedite passport renewal—and you can do it by mail.
Does Everybody Have to Apply in Person？
The State Department's Passport Agency says you must apply in person for a U.S. passport if you meet any of the following descriptions:
You are 13 or older and are applying for a U.S. passport for the first time.
Your previous passport was lost or stolen.
Your previous passport has expired and was issued more than 12 years ago.
You are applying for a passport for a child under age 12.
Applying in Person
Applying for a passport is not really difficult—it just requires following very specific rules. Follow these steps and you'll have all your bases covered:
1. Complete application Form. DSP-11—but DO NOT sign the form. until you are instructed to do so by t
听力原文：M: Hello!
W: Hello! Roger. This is Ann.
M: Oh hi, Ann. How have you been？ And how's your new apartment working out？
W: Well, that's what I'm calling about. You see, I've decided to look for a new place.
M: Oh, what's the problem with your place new？ I thought you liked the apartment.
W: Oh, I do, but it's a little far from campus, and the commute is just killing me. Do you think you could help？ I thought you might know more about the housing situation near the university.
M: Alright. So, what kind of place are you looking for？
W: Well, I'd like to share an apartment with one or two roommates within walking distance to school.
M: Okay, what's your budget like？ I mean how much do you want to spend on rent？
W: Uh, somewhere under $200 a month, including utilities, if I could. Oh, and I'd prefer to rent a furnished apartment.
M: Hmm. And anything else？
W: Yeah, I need a parking space.
M: Well, I know there's an apartment complex around the corner that seems to have a few vacancies. I'll drop by there on my way to class today.
W: Hey, thanks a lot.
M: No problem.
(20)
A．Their genetics.B．Their size.C．What they look like.D．The amount of energy they need.
It is very difficult to apply for a passport as it requires many specific rules.
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