题目内容
听力原文： Why are college students so prone to sleep deprivation？ The problem often begins during the teen years. Most high school kids admit that they are often sleepy and 15 percent admit that they fall asleep in class.
Lack of sleep causes many problems, not the least of which is the difficulty it adds to learning. It's also detrimental to the immune system and motor skills. Students (and everyone else) need at least eight hours of sleep to maintain optimum health and learning capabilities. Yet, with the pressure of school, family and social life, few students are sleeping near the required amount.
College life only escalates the problem. Added to the above activities are more hours needed for studies. Some students also hold down a part time job to help defray college expenses. Some students are married and trying to support a family. Because of all these pressures there is also an increase in stress. Stress can lead to insomnia and even more lost sleep.
With the approach of finals, the problem can only grow worse. Students force themselves to stay awake to study. It's called cramming for exams, and it can eat away at sleep hours already far too meager. Too many nights of forced wakefulness can eventually lead to a ease of full-blown insomnia and other sleep abnormalities.
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听力原文：M: Did you hear about the air crash that occurred in South America recently？ It was quite a tragic accident!
W: No, I didn't see anything in the news about it. What happened？
M: A foreign airliner was attempting to land at night in a mountainous area in Argentina and flew into a hill!
W: That sounds really terrible! Did anyone survive？
M: No, everyone aboard, including the crew, was killed instantly.
W: What were the circumstances？ Were they bad weather, a fire, or engine failure？
M: Apparently, there were some low clouds in the area, but mostly it was just miscommunication between the pilots and the air traffic controllers.
W: Weren't they both speaking in English, the official international aviation language？
M: Yes they were, but the transition from poor quality radios was slightly distorted and the accents of the Spanish speaking controllers was so strong that the pilots misunderstood a vital instruction.
W: How could a misunderstanding like that cause such a serious accident？
M: The pilots were told to descend to 22, 000 feet. The instruction actually meant22, 000 feet, but they thought they heard descend 2, 000 feet. That's a huge difference, and it should have been confirmed, but it was not. Unfortunately, the terrain of the mountains in Norweija ascend to 2, 000 feet.
W: So the pilots did descend to the wrong altitude then, because they were following the air controller's instructions.
M: Sadly enough, yes they did. It was a really bad mistake. Many people died as a result of the simply misunderstanding.
W: Wow, that's a powerful lesson on how important it can be to accurately communicate with each other.
What was the cause of the tragedy？
In the author's eyes, one who views personal growth as a process would ______.
MD is the absolute head of the company.
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Occasional self-medication has always been part of normal living. The making and selling of drugs have a long history and are closely linked, like medical practice itself, with the belief in magic. Only during the last hundred years or so has the development of scientific techniques made it possible for some of the causes of symptoms to be understood, se that more accurate diagnosis has become possible. The doctor is now able to follow up the correct diagnosis of many illnesses with specific treatment of their causes. In many other illnesses, of which the causes remain unknown, it is still limited, like the unqualified prescriber, to the treatment of symptoms. The doctor is trained to decide when to treat symptoms only and when to attack the cause: this is the essential difference between medical prescribing and self-medication.
The advance of technology has brought about much progress in some fields of medicine, including the development of scientific drug therapy. In many countries public health organization is improving and people's nutritional standards have risen. Parallel with such beneficial trends have two adverse effects. One is the use of high-pressure advertising by the pharmaceutical industry, which bas tended to influence both patients end doctors and has led to the overuse of drugs generally. The other is the emergence of the sedentary society with its faulty ways of life: lack of exercise, over-eating, unsuitable eating, insufficient sleep, excessive smoking and drinking. People with disorders arising from faulty habits such as these, as well as from unhappy human relationships, often resort to self-medication and so add the taking of pharmaceuticals to the list. Advertisers go to great lengths to catch this market.
Clever advertising, aimed at chronic sufferers who will try anything because doctors have not been able to cure them, can induce such faith in a preparation, particularly if steeply priced, that it will produce—by suggestion—a very real effect in some people. Advertisements are also aimed at people suffering from mild complaints, such as simple colds and coughs, which clear up by themselves within a short time.
These are the main reasons why laxatives, indigestion remedies, painkillers, tonics, vitamin and iron tablets and many other preparations are found in quantity in many households. It is doubtful whether taking these things ever improves a person's health; it may even make it worse. Worse because the preparation may contain unsuitable ingredients; worse because the taker may become dependent on them; worse because they might be taken in excess; worse because they may cause poisoning, and worse of all because symptoms of some serious underlying cause may be masked and therefore medical help may not be sought.
The fast paragraph is intended to ______.
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