题目内容
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Although language is used to transmit information, the informative functions of language are blended with older and deeper functions so that only a small portion of our everyday speech can be described as purely informative. The ability to use language for strictly informative purposes was probably developed relatively late in the course of linguistic(语言上的) evolution.
Long before that time, our ancestors probably made the sorts of cries animals do to express feelings of hunger, fear, loneliness, and the like. Gradually these noises seem to have become more differentiated (能区分开的), transforming the cries into language ns we know it today.
Although we have developed language in which accurate reports may be given, we still use language as vocal(发声的) equivalents of gestures such as crying in pain. When words are used as the vocal equivalent of expressive gestures, language is functioning in presymbolic ways. These presymbolic uses of language co-exist with our symbolic system so that the talking we do in everyday life is a thorough blending of symbolic and presymbolic language.
What we call social conversation is mainly presymbolic in character. When we are at a large social gathering, for example, we all have to talk. It is typical of these conversations that, except among very good friends, few of the remarks made have any informative value. We talk together about nothing at all and thereby establish a relationship.
There is a principle at work in the selection of the subject matter we consider appropriate for social conversation. Since the purpose of this kind of talk is the establishment of communication, we are careful to select subjects about which agreement is immediately possible. With each new agreement, no matter how commonplace, the fear and suspicion of the stranger wear away, and the possibility of friendship emerges. When further conversation reveals that we have friends or political views or artistic values or hobbies in common, a friend is made, and genuine communication and cooperation can begin.
The phrase "older and deeper functions" in the first sentence refers to ______.
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Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
听力原文： Advertising as we know it today did not begin in the United States tmtil after the Civil War. Before that advertising had consisted mainly of small paragraphs in which a man simply stated what he wanted to sell. Later, Benjamin Franklin became known as the "Father of Advertising", partly because he used the modern copywriting technique of emphasizing the rewards derived from using a product, rather than simply talking about the product itself.
The 19th century is also the period in which trademarks and slogans were born. Manufacturers often advertise a product by associating it with a symbol, often a person or an animal, known as a trademark; the trademark for a product may only be used by that particular company. For instance, the trademark of RCA Victor Company is a picture of an old, old record player with a dog listening to the record; it appears in most RCA ads and on most of their products.
Slogans and trademarks are still widely used in modern advertising, but generally the approach has become more scientific. With hundreds of products that are nearly identical, an advertiser must somehow make his product look different, even if it really isn't. It has been said that the two most important words in advertising are "free" and "new". The middle class American usually assumes that if a product is new, it is always better; and when people aren't buying a product, calling it "new" often does wonders for its sales.
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听力原文： Why do people smoke？
One reason is that people become addicted to cigarettes. The addictive substance in cigarettes is nicotine. When people smoke, the nicotine goes right into the blood stream and makes people feel relaxed. A smoker's body gets accustomed to the nicotine and if he stops smoking he feels nervous. Many smokers try to stop smoking but because of the addiction to nicotine they feel so uncomfortable that they often find it too difficult to stop.
Another reason is that people simply enjoy smoking. Having a cigarette for many people means taking a break. For some people smoking becomes part of their daily life. Many people enjoy smoking because it gives them something to do with their hands.
Many people also like the taste of tar in cigarettes. However, it is the tar that causes cancer. While governments and health experts have tried to get people to give up smoking entirely, cigarette manufacturers have tried to keep selling them by producing cigarettes with less tar. Many people in western countries have welcomed these cigarettes since they find it hard to stop smoking but they want to reduce the risk to their health.
(30)
A．Selecting the necessary equipment.B．Finding a climbing partner.C．Increasing upper-bo
A．To pass the exam.B．To obtain master's degree at the university.C．To join the soccer
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