题目内容
苏联、东欧剧变的根本原因是()
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听力原文：M: Mary is an American, but she has lived in Asia for most of her life.
W: Yes. She speaks Japanese and Chinese as well as she speaks English.
Q: What nationality is Mary？
(5)
听力原文： When the early settlers, especially the English, arrived in the New World, the hardships and dangers awaiting them were totally unexpected. Had it not been for some friendly Indians, the colonists never would have survived the terrible winters. They knew nothing about planting crops, hunting animals, building sod houses, or making clothing from animal skins. Life in England had been much simpler, and this new life was not like what the Spanish explorers had reported.
The settlers did introduce iron tools, muskets for hunting, domesticated animals, and political ways to the Indians. In exchange, the settlers learned to build canoes for water transportation and snowshoes and skating devices for winter traveling. The Indians also taught them to blaze trails through the forest, to hunt large animals and trap smaller ones, and to spear fish in the lakes and streams.
The natives also introduced to the settlers typical foods such as turkey, corn, squash, beans, and pumpkin. Everything possible was done in order to make their new settlement resemble the homes they had left behind.
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A．They grew only in certain sections of the country.B．They preferred raw.C．They were p
听力原文： The American political system has lasted since the: thirteen original colonies broke away from Great Britain. It has had to change, but it has always remained operable.
The American Founding Fathers thought that the national government should be strong. They also felt, though, that it should not be able to have complete control over people's lives. When they wrote the Constitution, power was divided among the different parts of the government.
The national government was divided into three branches. Congress, which is made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives, passes laws. When a president or judge is unfit to continue, it is the Congress that removes him from office.
The second branch is the executive branch. The president is the head of it. He is responsible for making decisions and enforcing the law.
The court system, under the Supreme Court, decides the meaning of laws. At times it also has to say what the Constitution means.
Not all power belongs to the national government. Many decisions are made by state and local governments. The national government is responsible for printing money. It also controls trade and is responsible for maintaining a military force.
The states kept some other powers. Among them are control over education and laws on marriage and divorce. States also make decisions on transportation within the state itself.
Still other powers are shared by the national and state governments. Both can collect taxes. And both have courts to try people who are accused of crimes.
There are many factors influencing the American way of government. These factors change with the times. There are some things that will probably never change. First is the idea that the majority rules. But the most important part of the system is the Bill of Rights, which is part of the Constitution. This is what gives people the freedom to choose their own religion, to speak out against the government, and to gather peacefully to protest against government actions.
(22)
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