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学校体育的基本目标是培养竞技运动员。()
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教育不等于发展。()
The first Jeans were made in 1850, in the California gold rush. A man named Levi Strauss realized that the gold-diggers' normal trousers weren't strong enough for the work they had to do and were wearing Out quickly. Strauss had some strong canvas, which he was going to make into tents and wagon covers to sell to the workers. Instead, he made some trousers out of it and these became the first Jeans. They were brown and called the waist-high overall.
The trousers sold well, and Strauss began looking around for ways of making them even tougher. He found a material that was better than canvas—a durable cotton that was manufactured only in the south of France. In a town called Nimes, the material was denim—the name coming from the French for from "Nimes". Strauss ordered boat loads of this material and, to keep the colour consistent, had it all dyed indigo blue. The trousers became known as blue denims or blue jeans (the Word jean is thought to come from Genoa. Italian sailors from the port of Genoa wore trousers similar to jeans, on the big trading ships).
In the early days cowboys, farmers, miners and timber Jacks—all people associated with hard work—wore jeans. But there were a few design problems with the early styles—as cowboys discovered to their cost. When they crouched too close to the camp fire, the rivet (the metal button strengthening the jeans at the bottom of the fly) got too hot and became very uncomfortable. Levi didn't take much notice of the cowboys complaints until the 1940s, when a company official crouched too close to a camp fire and experienced the problem first-hand. The crotch rivet was soon removed.
In the fifties and sixties, jeans represented rebellion. Film stars like James Dean, Elvis Presley and Marilyn Monroe wore them, as did pop stars like the Beatles and the Rolling Stones.
Fashions changed in the seventies and jeans became flared—tight at the hip and wide at the bottom. They were very, very tight—if you could get the zip up while standing up, they weren't tight enough. You had to lie down on the bed to do them up; for a really skin-tight fit, people would lie in a bath in their jeans and wait for them to shrink!
As the trousers became more and more successful, other jeans manufacturers started up—such as Wrengler, Pepe and Lee.
But jeans have had their opponents, in some countries—such as the old Soviet Union—jeans became a prized status symbol of the West. They suggested that a Soviet citizen had either traveled abroad or had contacts in the West. So the authorities discouraged the wearing of jeans. And in Japan, a consumers' association adamantly refused to sell one manufacturer's fashionable ripped jeans because it felt these were interior and defective product!
Which of the following statements is NOT true according the passage？
根据布卢姆的思想，完整的教育目标应当包括认知领域和情感领域。()
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)
Back in July 1965, the Mariner Four Space Probe transmitted the first close-up pictures of Mars and convinced many people that Mars was as dead as our own moon. Two later space probes seemed to confirm this.
But then, in 1971, Mariner Nine raise hopes once again that there could be life on the planet—or at least that life might once have existed there. The range of experiments to be conducted were designed by mission scientists such as Chuck Klein:
"It was like shooting blind, so to speak, to be trying to devise experiments to look for evidence of life. And we decide to try to use an instrument which could incorporate many different assumptions about what Martian biology might be like—what the bugs might be like or not like. But the fundamental proposition in each portion of our experiment was to look, over a period of time, for evidence of some process going on which we could attribute to biology."
The scientists controlled the Viking experiments from a distance of almost 100 million kilometers. Cameras took pictures of the area a round the robot landers—in case anything moved into view. No aliens were spotted by the cameras, but other experiments seems to show signs of life.
"Almost everything that we planned began to give us data of some kind—that is to say, it wasn't like everything was dead. For many weeks, we were goaded by the media, who were terribly excited—they were constantly looking for a headline, you know. They Found Life! They Found Life! Every bit of information that we came up with was squeezed by them to try to put a positive twist on it. We really had to work very hard to maintain our cool and present the data just the way we saw it."
But these apparent signs of life were deceptive. By repeating the experiments and double checking the results, the scientists eventually came to the conclusion that the whole planet was dead and would, in fact, be deadly to living organisms.
Since 1976, there have been no further visits. A probe sent by NASA exploded before reaching the planet last year and it now doesn't look as if there'll be another Mars visit until the end of the decade.
When we do get back there, will we find something new？ And what about us？ Could we ever live on Mars？ This isn't as strange an idea as it sounds according to astronomer Patrick Moorer.
"It's fair to say that, from a technical point of view, we could put men on Mars within the next few decades. Whether we actually do so or not depends very much more upon politics and finance than upon sheer science, but I think it could be done. And I'm quite prepared to believe that by this time in the next century, there will be flourishing colonies upon Mars."
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence "It was shooting blind.., to look for evidence of life..."
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