Which of the following can be used to quantitate the titer ofinfectious viruses?
A. Plaque assay
B. Electron microscopy
C. Hemagglutination
D. Polymerase chain reaction
Enzyme immunoassay
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Resident flora is absent from the
A. Pharynx
B. Lungs
C. Small intestine
D. Synovial fluid
E. Conjunctiva
Dental plaque and periodontal disease can be thought of as acontinuum of what type of physiological process?
A. Biofilm formation
B. Normal aging
C. Abnormal digestion
D. Exaggerated immune response
E. Chewing gum
Replication of which of the following requires integration with a bacterial replicon?
A. Single-stranded DNA bacteriophage
B. Double-stranded DNA bacteriophage
C. Single-stranded RNA bacteriophage
D. Plasmid
E. Transposon
Which of the following is the most resistant to destruction by chemicals and heat？
A. Spores of Aspergillus fumigates
B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
C. Ebola virus
D. E.coli
E. Spores of Bacillus anthracis
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