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TheDeclarationofHelsinki(2013,Article36)declaresthat,"Researchers, authors, sponsors, editors and publishers all have ethical obligations with regard to the publication and dissemination of the results of research. Researchers have a duty to make publicly available the results of their research on human subjects and are accountable for the completeness and accuracy of their reports. All parties should adhere to accepted guidelines for ethical reporting. Negative and inconclusive as well as positive results must be published or otherwise made publicly available. Sources of funding, institutional affiliations and ___________________ must be declared in the publication. Reports of research not in accordance with the principles of this Declaration should not be accepted for publication".

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The United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) defines a human research subject as a living individual about whom a research investigator (whether a professional or a student) obtains data through 1) intervention or interaction with the individual, or 2) identifiable _______________________ (32 C.F.R. 219.102(f)).

Clinical research is studies on human participants that are designed to answer specific questions about biomedical or behavioral interventions, including new treatments (such as novel vaccines, drugs, dietary choices, dietary supplements, & medical devices) & known _______________ that warrant further study & comparison.

Research is broadly defined as a systematic investigation with the aim of advancing existing knowledge. It is a process of rigorous reasoning which is based on theories, methods, and findings. It relies on the application of the scientific method and uses inquiries, observations, and ________________ to answer questions about the causes of different phenomena.

The main method for secondary research is a systematic review with or without __________________, which is a statistical technique used to pool data from independent studies.