题目内容
Casa ltaliana
Twenty years ago, it was difficult to find fresh pasta in Britain without going to an Italian restaurant. For this reason, Marco and Mariengeladi Bietro, owners of a small but busy Italian restaurant in the Scottish city of Glasgow, found themselves approached by a local Italian food store wanting to stock their pasta. Other foodstores followed this example and soon Marco and Mariangela were supplying them on a large scale as well as running a restaurant. But despite the long hours they were working, Marco and Mariangela did not consider changing career or moving from Scotland. It was only years later that they realised which business made more sense.
So in 1981, Marco and Mariangela sold their restaurant, bought a former factory and moved to the English countryside. They both miss city life. Although suitable property in the country was cheaper than in the city, it was only the thought of trucks wasting hours driving from Scotland to customers in the south of England that persuaded the couple to make the move.
At first, they sold only to small specialist food stores and were unwilling to supply any large supermarket chains. But developments in packaging, allowing pasta to stay fresh longer, persuaded them they were wrong and this market now buys the major part of Casa Italiana's output. However, their decision not to supply restaurants has remained unchanged: they feel they should sell food cooked on the premises as they did themselves.
In the early stages of the business, clients were keen to have traditional pasta made in the Italian way. Now customers are demanding pasta influenced by the traditions of other countries. It is with some regret that Mariangela has developed a range of exciting new recipes. She feels that she cooked her best pasta in the early days.
What are Marco's and Mariangela's roles nowadays？ Although Marco has tried to encourage Mariangela to leave food production to employees and spend more time dealing with clients, she remains in charge of the kitchen. Marco is happy to be responsible for the financial and administrative side of affairs.
Marco dreams of launching restaurants sharing the Casa Italiana name across the UK. Yet he knows it would be more profitable to set up a second production centre. While the couple consider their long-term options, Mariangela is realising her dream: places on the first Casa Italiana cookery course are about to be advertised. But who knows？ The Casa Italiana brand is already so strong that little can prevent Marco from also satisfying his ambitions for the firm.
Why did Marco and Mariangela give up their restaurant and start a pasta business？
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Participants have to pay ￡250 for each training session they attend.
听力原文：W: It is certainly good to hear your voice. When are you coming for a visit？
M: Not for a few months, I'm afraid, Mom. But I hope we can come for a few weeks this summer, probably in June.
Q: How often does the man visit his Mom？
(18)
Common Faults and Eye Movement
There are a number of bad habits which poor readers adopt. Most of these involve using extra body movement in the reading process. In efficient reading, the muscles of the eye should make the only external movement. Of course there must be vigorous mental activity, but extra body movements, such as pointing with the finger or moving the lips, do not help reading and often slow it down~
POINTING AT WORDS
A fault that is often seen when students are trying to concentrate is pointing to the words with a finger, pencil or ruler. Young children and very poor readers often point with a finger at each word in mm. Slightly more mature readers sometimes hold a pencil or ruler underneath the line which they are reading. While marking the line might be helpful for beginning readers, it is certainly unnecessary for normal readers. Besides slowing down the reader through-the mere mechanical movement of pencil, ruler, or finger, pointing at lines or words tends to cause the student to focus his attention on the wrong thing. The important thing to concentrate on while reading is the idea. that the author is trying to communicate, and not the location of the words on the page. The eyes of any child old enough to learn how to read are certainly skillful enough to be able to follow a line of print without extra help from fingers or rulers.
Another common fault that is easily observed is head movement. This most often occurs when students are nervous about their reading or trying hard, as during a reading speed test. With head movement the student tries to aim his nose at the word he is reading so that as he reads across the line his head turns slightly. When he makes the return sweep to begin a new line his head quickly turns back so that his nose is pointed at the left-hand margin, and he can now begin to read the new line by slowly turning his head. The belief that this head movement aids reading is pure nonsense. Eye muscles are quite capable of shifting the eyes from word to word, and they need no help from neck muscles.
Often students are quite unaware that they are moving their heads while reading and they need to be reminded by the teacher not to do it.
VOCALIZATION
Vocalization is another fault. Some poor readers think it necessary to pronounce aloud each word as it is read. Usually this pronunciation is quite soft, so that the student is more whispering to himself than actually reading aloud, but even this is very undesirable. The chief disadvantage of pronouncing words while you read them is that it tends to tie reading speed to speaking speed, and the silent reading of most normal readers is nearly twice as fast as their speaking. Usually this fault can be eliminated in older students by their own conscious effort, possibly with the aid of a few reminders from the teacher.
Vocalization by beginning readers is a common fault; after a reader reaches some maturity it becomes very undesirable.
Vocalization takes various modified forms. Sometimes a reader will merely move his lips soundlessly. At other times he may make tongue or throat movements without lip movement. Stir other readers will have activity going on in their vocal cords, which can be detected by the student if he places his fingers alongside his vocal cords in the throat while he is reading. Vocal cord vibration can be felt with the fingers quite easily. Like true vocalization, these minor parts of "subvocalization" —lip movement, tongue or throat movement and vocal cord movement—can be stopped by conscious effort of the student.
SUBVOCALIZATION
Subvocalization is the most difficult of all types of vocalization. In subvocalization there is no body movement. The lips, tongue or vocal cords do not move. But an inner type of speech persists: within the student's mind he is saying each word to himself, clearly prono
Participants must register for the course by the middle of September.
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