不定项选择题

根据内容回答题。<br>Prolonging Human Life<br>Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact. it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion.<br>Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, oht people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contempo- rary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more, illness than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often "go on welfare" if they have a serious illness.<br>When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families, In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be eared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at borne who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit- making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply "dumping grounds" for the dying in which "care" is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under-skilled personnel.<br>The writer believes that the population explosion results from 查看材料

A. an increase in birthrates
B. the industrial development
C. a decrease in death rates
D. cultural advances

不定项选择题

回答题:<br>Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel<br>Prize Announcements<br>Two scientists who have won praise for research into the growth of cancer cells could be can-didates for the Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2008 winners are presented on Monday, kicking off six days of Nobel announcements.<br>Australian-born U. S. citizen Elizabeth Blackburn and American Carol Greider have already won a series of medical honors for their enzyme research and experts say they could be among the front-runners for a Nobel.<br>Only seven women have won the medicine prize since the first Nobel Prizes were handed out in 1901. The last female winner was U. S. researcher Linda Buck in 2004,who shared the prizewith Richard Axel.<br>Among the pair&39;s possible rivals are Frenchman Pierre Chambon and Americans Ronald Evans arid Elwood Jensen, who opened up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormone re-ceptors.<br>As usual, the award committee is giving no hints about who is in the running before presen-ting its decision in a news conference at Stockholm&39;s Karolinska Institute.<br>Alfred Nobel, the Swede who invented dynamite, established the prizes in his will in the cat-egories of medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace. The economics prize is technicallynot a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Sweden&39;s central bank.<br>Nobel left few instructions on how to select winners, but medicine winners are typically awar-ded for a specific breakthrough rather than a body of research.<br>Hans Jornvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the 10 million kronor (US $1.3 million) prize encourages groundbreaking research but he did not think winning it was the primary goal for scientists.<br>"&39; Individual researchers probably don&39;t look at themselves as potential Nobel Prize winners when they&39;re at work," Jornvall told The Associated Press. "They get their kicks from their re-search and their interest in how life functions. "<br>In 2006.Blackburn, of the University of California, San Francisco, and Greider, of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, shared the Lasker prize for basic medical research with Jack Szostak of Harvard Medical School. Their work set the stage for research suggesting that cancel ceils use telomerase to sustain their uncontrolled growth.<br>Who is NOT a likely candidate for this year‘s Nobel Prize in medicine? 查看材料

A. Pierre Chambon
B. Linda Buck
Carol Greider
D. Elizabeth Blackburn

火星搜题