4.A good gardener prunes a tree______.

A. at intervals throughout the year
B. as quickly as possible
C. occasionally when necessary
D. regular every winter

5.What was the author's purpose when writing this passage?

A. To give pratical instruction for pruning a tree.
B. To give a general description of pruning
C. To explain how trees develop diseases
D. To discuss different methods of pruning.

Passage TwoWater problems in the future will become nore intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wastes,primarily sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decease substantialy the amount of water available for diluting wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complexchemical processes will produce large volumes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are noxious. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals, From this , it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be dwindled. The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard. This involves the processing of solid wastes "prior to " disposal and the treatment of liquid wastes, or efflunets,to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution upon final disposal.A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement . Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained. Efflunets from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste products into marketable byproducts. Other industries are potential eonomic uses for waste products.6.The purpose of this passage is ______.

A. to alert the reader to the dwindling water supply
B. to explain industrial uses of water
C. to acquaint the reader with water pollution problems
D. to demonstrate various measures to solve the pollution problem

7.Which of the following points is NOT INCLUDED in the passage?

A. In dustrial development incudes the simplification of complex chemical processes
B. Diluting wastes needs certain amount of water
C. Demands for water will go up along with the expanding population
D. Intensive cultivation of land requires more and more chemicals

8.The reader can conclued that________.

A. countries of the world will work together on polution problems
B. byproducts from wastes lead to a more prosperous marketplace
C. science is making great progress on increasing water supplies
D. some industries are now, asking economic use of wastes

9.The author gives substance to the passage through the use of _______

A. interviews with authorities in the field of water controls
B. opinions and personal observations
C. definitions which clarify important terms
D. strong arguments and persuasions

10.The words "prior to "(para.2) probably mean______.

A. after
B. during
C. before
D. beyond

Fill in the blanks with the expressions given in the box. Change the form when necessary.at the height ofswear athold swaybe resistant tocomplain aboutconsent tomake upkeep up withcope withwatch over1. There are so many things happening rapidly that everyone rushes to _______________ them.2. That process hesitated briefly __________________ the financial crisis before resuming.3. I'm trying to _____________________ the time I lost while I was sick.4. She felt upset and began to ______________ the traffic because she had been waiting for the bus for 30 minutes.5. He ____________ the way that people treat homeless animals.6. There's no need to ________________ him, even if he has made a mistake.7. A new minister has been appointed to ____________________ the welfare of disabled people.8. The powerful people of this world do not _______________ over the other world.9. It was revealed that some officials _________________ the illegal practices of some companies.10. We put off the conference in order to better ____________________ the tense situation.

Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the center.Tips for Long-Distance CaregiversA)If you live far away from your aging parents who need care, you might wonder what you can do to help. Start by understanding options for long-distance caregiving, from gathering information and coordinating services to providing occasional respite for a primary caregiver. You can take many steps to be an effective long-distance caregiver. For example:B)Schedule a family meeting. Gather family and friends involved in your aging parents' care in person, by phone or by Web chat. Discuss your goals, air feelings and divide up duties. Appoint someone to summarize the decisions made and distribute notes after the meeting. Be sure to include your parents in need of care in the decision-making process.C)Research your loved one's illness and treatment. This will help you understand what your aging parents are going through, the course of the illness, what you can do to prevent crises and how to assist with disease management. It might also make it easier to talk to your parents' doctors.D)Keep in touch with your aging parents' providers. In coordination with your parents and their caregivers, schedule conference calls with doctors or other health-care providers to keep on top of changes in your parents' health conditions. Be sure to have your parents sign a release allowing the doctor to discuss medical issues with you-and keep a backup copy in your files.E)Seek professional help. If necessary, hire someone to help with meals, personalcare and other needs. A geriatric care manager or social worker may be also helpful in organizing your parents' care.F)Plan for emergencies. Set aside time and money in case you need to make unexpected visits to help your aging parents.G)Schedule appointments. Ask your parents if you can accompany them on a doctor's appointment during your visit. This will give you an opportunity to discuss your parents' health, medications and any other questions you might have. Take notes on the doctor's recommendations. Ask the doctor to suggest any helpful community resources.Consider making appointments with your parents' lawyer and financial adviser,too.H)Look for signs of problems. During your visit, check to see how well your parents are managing daily tasks. Are your aging parents able to drive safely, eat regular meals, keep up with personal grooming and pay the bills? Ask your parents' friends and neighbors if they've noticed any behavioral changes health problems or safety issues.I)Set aside quality time. Watch a movie with your aging parents or take them to visit friends or family. Offer to play a game of cards. Simple activities can help you and your parents relax and enjoy your time together.J)Many long-distance caregivers feel guilty about not being able to do enough or spend adequate time with a family member in need of care. If you're feeling guilty, remind yourself that you're doing the best you can. It may be helpful to join a support group for caregivers. You might benefit from the tips of others, as well as the knowledge that you're not alone.__________1.You should make sure that your aging parents are able to drive safely,eat regular meals and pay the bills.__________2.This passage is mainly talking about how to offer long-distance care.__________3.If your parents permit, you should make appointments with their doctor, lawyer and financial adviser.__________4.A geriatric care manager can provide professional help for your parents when they need it.__________5.When you keep in contact with your parents' providers, you must coordinate with their other caregivers.__________6.Researching your parents' illness and treatment can help you understand what they are experiencing.__________7.Simple activities may bring you and your parents some quality time.__________8.A long-distance caregiver might benefit from a support group for people like them.__________9.Be prepared for unexpected visits to your parents financially.__________10.During the process of a family meeting, goals should be discussed.

Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices,Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.You may know that the world's population is aging-that the number of older people is expanding faster than the number of young-but you probably don't realize how fast this is happening. Right now, the world is 1divided between those under 28 and those over 28. By midcentury, the median age will have risen to40. Demographers(人口统计学家) also use another measure，in addition to median age，to 2whether populations are aging: "elder share". If the share, or 3of people over 60(or sometimes 65)is growing, the population is aging. By that yardstick too, the world is quickly becoming older. Pick any age cohort above the median age of 28 and you'll find its share of the4population rising faster than that of any segment below the median. By 2018, 65-year-olds, for example, will outnumber those under 5-a historic first. In 2050. developed countries are on5to have half as many people under 15 as they do over 60. In short, the age mix of the world is turning upside down and at unprecedented rates.This means6 change in nearly every important relationship we have ----as family members, neighbors, citizens of nations and the world. Aging populationsalso7 how business is done everywhere. The globalization of the economyis 8 because the world is rapidly aging, and at the same time the pace of global aging is quickened by the speed and scope of globalization. These intertwined dynamics also bear on the international 9for wealth and power. The high costs of keeping our aging population healthy and out of 10 has caused the United States and other rich democracies to lose their economic and political footing. Countries on the rise amass wealth and geopolitical clout by refusing to bear those costs. Older countries lose work to younger countries.A. trackB. proportionC. competingD. alterE.obligationF. global G. competitionH. possiblyI.determineJ. acceleratingK.trace L.evenlyM. povertyN. averageO. profound