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In ______, Theodore Friedmann and Richard Roblin published an important paper in Science [175(4025): 949-955] describing the use of gene therapy. Friedmann and Roblin described how they induced mammalian cells to express bacterial and viral DNA, demonstrating the possibility that this method could later be used to promote therapies for treatment of human genetic diseases.

A. 1965
B. 1969
C. 1972
D. 1975

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In 1973 Herbert Wayne Boyer at UCSF (1936- ) and Stanley Norman Cohen at Stanford University (1935- ) created the first recombinant DNA organisms. Together they introduced an antibiotic resistance gene into _______.

A. elegans
B. yeast
C. coli
D. mice

In 1983, a group of scientists from Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, proposed that gene therapy could one day be a viable approach for treating Lesch-Nyhan disease, a rare ___________________.

A. blood disorder
B. neurological disorder
C. bone disorder
D. joint disorder

In ______, Glybera (alipogene tiparvovec) became the first approved viral gene-therapy treatment for familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency (LPLD) in Europe.

A. 2006
B. 2010
C. 2012
D. 2015

The marketing authorization for Glybera clearly represents a milestone in the development of gene therapy as an accessible therapeutic option for familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency (LPLD) patients. Glybera is a recombinant __________ for direct intramuscular injection.

A. adenovirus
B. AAV
C. HPV
D. retrovirus

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