Bradford Hill's criteria of causation are:
A. Strength of association
B. Consistency—similar findings in different settings
C. Specificity in the causes
D. Biological plausibility
BradfordHill'scriteriaofcausationare:
A. Temporality—cause precedes an effect in time
B. Dose–response relationship
Coherence—does not conflict with the current knowledge about the association of interest
D. Analogy—a phenomenon from one area can be applied to another area
The scientific methods for research include:
A. Identify the importance and possible impact of your research, identify what has been so far demonstrated by other colleagues
B. Define a research question that is meaningful and researchable, develop a hypothesis and provide a rationale for it
C. Define specific aims which are measurable and focused, choose an appropriate research design, analyze the data, draw conclusions
D. Communicate the findings, evaluation of communication impact, transformation through changing policy and practice
A quantitative research:
A. Uses the analysis of numerical data
B. Involves large number of participants representative of the population of interest
C. Aims at using statistics to explain the observations
D. Uses various instruments to collect data (questionnaires, monitors, other tools)
Aqualitativeresearch:
A. Data are in the form of words, pictures, and objects
B. Involves small number of participants
C. Aims at providing a complete and detailed description
D. Researcher serves as data-gathering instrument
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