题目内容
According to the text, punctuation is naturally used when______.
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What does the author imply by saying "living space...is figured...also in cubic volume above the earth." (Para. 3)？
The trouble is, that necessary though punctuation is, the task of teaching it to children is considerably more challenging than it might appear. For example, it is possible that to instruct children about writing in sentences by telling them about full stops and capital letters is to court frustration and failure. The notion of the sentence as a statement—a free- standing chunk of information—is something that children come to gradually. As written work grows longer and more complicated, so the perception of sentence increases. Good teachers will, in their teaching of early writing, watch for the child's ability to compose in sentences, and then point out how the use of punctuation will define them more clearly.
So, where, in all this, comes the mechanical definition of a sentence—that it needs a verb, for example？ The pragmatic answer is that it comes nowhere at all. Adult writers do not, on the whole, look back at their sentences to make sure they contain verbs. We all surely feel our sentences intuitively. Most of the time, to be sure, they will contain verbs. Occasionally, though, they may not—and where's the harm？ What is certain is that you cannot possibly use the grammatical rule as a tool with which to teach a seven-year-old about sentence-writing. The child can be nudged and helped towards writing in sentences, but on the whole he will not do it until he is ready.
The point is that punctuation is an aid which the writer brings into play to illuminate an already formed idea. Before you can learn the punctuation, you have to know what you want to punctuate. Thus you teach capital letters, full stops, question marks and exclamation marks to a child who is already writing sentences, questions and exclamations. The development of a child's writing will always be a step ahead of the punctuation, and to reverse the process in response, say, to the short-term demands of a curriculum is to put later progress at risk.
Which statement can best sum up the main idea of the passage？
a. Thinking about your reasons for stepping.
b. Preparing to stop: this means【C6】______any secret【C7】______of cigarettes and giving them【C8】______, and arranging to de things which【C9】______you from smoking.【C10】______swimming or other sports and practice cutting down on the【C11】______of cigarettes you smoke every day. Allow yourself to【C12】______cigarettes now and again. Don't ever buy more than one pack【C13】______.
c. Stopping:【C14】______the day you stop, arrange to de lots of things you【C15】______.
d. Staying stopping: this is the hardest part, particularly if you have been a【C16】______smoker. You may【C17】______feel depressed, irritable, anxious, or【C18】______cramps or headaches. But remember that withdrawal symptoms only【C19】______a few weeks. And【C20】______, if your motivation is high enough, you will succeed in beating nicotine(尼古丁)rather than letting it beat you.
【C1】
Part A
Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Health food is a general term applied to all kinds of foods that are considered more healthful than the types of foods widely sold in supermarkets. For example, whole grains, fried beans, and com oil are health foods. A narrower classification of health food is natural food. This term is used to distinguish between types of the same food. Raw honey is a natural sweetener, whereas refined sugar is not. Fresh fruit is a natural food, but canned fruit, with sugars and other additives, is not. The most precise term of all and the narrowest classification within health foods is organic food, used to describe food that has been grown on a particular kind of farm. Fruit and vegetables that are grown in gardens, that are sprayed only with organic fertilizers, that are not sprayed with poisonous insecticides, and that are not refined after harvest, are organic foods. Meat, fish, dairy and poultry products from animals that are fed only organically grown feed and that are not injected with hormones are organic foods.
In choosing the type of food you eat, then, you have basically two choices: inorganic, processed foods, or organic, unprocessed foods. A wise decision should include investigation of the allegations that processed foods contain chemicals, some of which are proven to be toxic, and that vitamin content is greatly reduced in processed foods.
Bread is typically used by health food advocates as an example of a processed food. First, the seeds from which the grain is sprayed with a number of very toxic insecticides. After the grain has been made into flour, it is made white with another chemical which is also toxic. Next a dough conditioner is added, along with a softener. The conditioner and softener are poisons, and in fact the softener has sickened and killed experimental animals.
A very toxic anti-fungal compound, is added to keep the bread from getting moldy.
Other foods from the supermarket would show a similar pattern of processing and preserving. You see we buy our good on the basis of smell, color, and texture, instead of vitamin content, and manufacturers give us what we want, even if it is poisonous. The alternative？ Eat health foods, preferable the organic variety.
Which term is used to distinguish between types of the same food？
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