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If a speaker of one of these languages does not have a readily( ) (avail)word for something in the world and a speaker of the other language does, the first speaker often borrows the word from the second speaker.

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Another large group of words came into English as a result of contact through invasion, in this case the Norman( ) (conquer)of England in 1066.

Then, too, today we find interesting pairs of words such ascowandbeef, sheepandmutton, calfandveal,andpigandporkin which the first item, the name of the animal, is Germanic in()(originate)and the second item, the meat of the animal, is a borrowing from French.

Perhaps the occurrence of such pairs reflects a society in which the()(conquest)Englishman raised the animals for the table of the conquering Norman.

The borrowings from French do not show much, if any, cultural()(superior )in the invaders.