题目内容
According to the U.N. Charter, every member nation has the duty to fight against terrorism.
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The United Nations: The World in One Building
Do you know the old Arab story about a bird called the phoenix (凤凰) ？ First it burned to death. Then it came back to life. That doesn' t sound believable, does it？ But there is an example of the phoenix in our own time: The United Nations. In 1945, it brought the dream of world peace back to life again after World War II.
Reasons for the existence of the U.N.
Since the day of its birth, the United Nations has been the subject of much debate. Some people attack the organization because they think it is too powerful. Others think that it is too weak. We can better understand this debate if we learn more about the U.N. and its history.
The U.N. was started for two reasons. First, when the idea was born, people all over the world were tired of war. They were tired not just of World War II, but of war itself. They felt that there must be peaceful answers to the world's problems. They felt that only an international organization could keep world peace.
The second reason was that modern science had developed new bombs and airplanes. These weapons made it almost impossible for a country to defend itself. National borders were beginning to lose their meaning. There was also a feeling that this was only the beginning. Science would develop even more dangerous weapons in the future. Only an international organization would be able to control modem science.
Founders of the U.N.
Franklin Dclano Roosevelt, who was President of the United States at the time, believed that the Allies should plan for peace before the war ended. On December 1, 1943, Roosevelt, Winston Churchill of Great Britain and Joseph Stalin of the former Soviet Union agreed to start an organization for world peace. They asked all countries, large and small, to join them.
During the next year and a half, the idea of such an organization was debated in all the capitals of the world. Then came a big day in modern history. On April 11, 1945, the first international meeting of the United Nations took place in San Francisco. The goal of the meeting was to write the U. N. Charter. All of the fifty-one nations at the meeting had their own ideas to offer for the Charter (宪章). After a long debate, a Charter was agreed upon. Every nation present voted for the Charter, no one voted against it.
The U.N. Charter
The U.N. Charter is a beautiful piece of writing. In clear language it explains why the U. N. was started. The reasons are: 1) to keep world peace; 2) to find answers to the world's social and economic problems; 3) to win respect for human rights; and 4) to help win freedom for all people on earth.
Since 1945, the number of nations that have signed the U.N. Charter has more than doubled. These countries contain almost the whole population of the world. Every kind of government can be found at the U.N. And there is one idea which all these countries agree on': the need for world peace.
A brief introduction to the U.N.
Most of the offices of the United Nations are in New York City. But there are other important U.N. offices all over the world. The World Health Organization, for example, is in Geneva, Switzerland. The International Court of Justice is in Hague, Holland.
The buildings in New York stand along the East River on the island of Manhattan. The park around them leads right to the water. The park contains many works of art that were given as presents to the U.N. by member countries. There is a Russian work of art next to an American one. In another part of the garden there is a beautiful Japanese bell. In some ways the garden itself shows the idea of the U.N. -- peace among the nations of the world.
Outside the U.N. buildings there is a line of flags almost five blocks long. These are the flags of the member nations.
The flag
According to Asselborn, which would lay down a solid road for the lifting？
Translation for the U.N. General Assembly is a very important job because they must be able to listen and translate at the same time.
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Did the Ancient Greeks and Romans have a sense of fashion？ Historians of dress have traditionally claimed that fashion in the modern sense did not exist in Greece and Rome, but this assertion rests upon a misconception of rather sophisticated Greco Roman attitudes toward physical appearance, as well as upon definitions of "dress" and "fashion" that are too limited.
As is abundantly clear from their art and literature, the ancients attached great importance to ideals of bodily perfection and to outward appearance in general. Both the Greeks and the Romans demonstrated, from their earliest history, an extraordinary awareness of the potential of the body (and various modifications that could be made to it) as a means of marking social, political, religious, and even moral distinctions, aside from the opportunities dress and body decoration represent for self-expression or the pursuit of beauty. The ancients manipulated the expressive potential of clothing and adornments in a myriad of contexts: in their rituals, in theatre, and in the political arena, as well as in literature. There is also considerabte evidence of innovation, experimentation, and the determined expression of personal style, even in Republican Rome where societal norms or expectations were ostensibly rigid in regard to clothing, correct grooming, or the use of jewelry, per fume or cosmetics.
"Fashion" may be said to encompass ally of four forms. First, there is a conscious manipulation of dress that strives for effect, a "momentary instance" of fashion, "fashion statement" or "fad". Second, fashion may designate innovations in dress that are more enduring than simple fads. Some of these changes occur abruptly, whether due to political upheavals, economic fluctuations, or even the sudden abundance or scarcity of certain materials; other innovations may develop more deliberately. Third is the phenomenon where by styles in a particular area of dress change swiftly and repeatedly, with the new ones re placing the old in rapid succession. Finally, fashion may refer specifically to the use of such adornments as cosmetics, fragrance, and jewelry, whose primary purpose is to enhance a wearer's natural features. Primarily considered the preserve of women, this aspect also plays a significant role in, he lives of men, especially in the male-dominated societies of Greece and Rome, in which the "correct" appearance was often a necessary prerequisite to a man's political success.
According to the author, Ancient Greeks and Romans ______.
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