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（二）Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:If U.S. software companies don’t pay more attention to quality，they could kiss their business good-bye. Both India and Brazil are developing a world-class software industry. their weapon is quality and one of jobs is to attract the top U.S. quality specialists whose voices are not listened to in their country. Already, of the world’s 12 software houses that have earned the highest rating in the world, seven are in India. That’s largely because they have used new methodologies rejected by American software specialists. for example, for decades, quality specialists, W. Edwards Deming and J. M. Juran had urged U.S. software companies to change their attentions to quality. But their quality call mainly fell on deaf ears in the U.S. but not in Japan. by the 1970s and 1980s, Japan was grabbing market share with better, cheaper products. They used Deming’s and Juran’s ideas to bring down the cost of good quality to as little as 5% of total production costs in U.S. factories, the cost of quality then was 10 times as high: 50% in software it still is.Watts S. Humphrey spent 27 years at IBM heading up software production and then quality assurance, but his advice was seldom paid attention to. He retired from IBM in 1986. In 1987, he worked out a system for assessing and improving software quality. It has proved its value time and again. For example, in 1990 the cost of quality at Raytheon Electronics Systems was almost 60% of total software production costs. It fell to 15% in 1996 and has since further dropped to below 10%, so, like Deming and Juran, Humphrey seems to be winning more praises overseas than at home.Let’s hope that U.S. lead in software will not be eaten up by its quality problem.6.Which countries respected Deming’s and Juran’s ideas according to the passage?
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Which of the following is true about the cost of software quality?
What does the passage say about watts Humphrey?
What does the writer imply about software companies in the future?
（三）Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:When it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our live, you cannot overlook Henry Ford，a historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Ford who most influence all manufacturing, everywhere, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make cars----one, strange to say, that originated in slaughterhouses (屠宰场).Back in the early 1900’s, slaughterhouses used what could have been called a “disassembly line”. Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up production of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto, rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveyer, and each worker, as it passed, passed, added another part to it, the same one each time, professor David Hounshell of the university of Delaware, an expert on industrial development, tells what happened.The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one assembly every20 minutes, but on that day, on the line, the assembly team averaged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds per person.Within a year, the time had been reduced to five minutes, in 1913 Ford went all the way. Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were pulled past workers who completed them one pieces at a time. It wasn’t long before Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year, a remarkable achievement then, and so efficient and economical was this new system that he cut the piece of his cars in half, to $260 putting them within reach of all those who, up until that time, could not afford them, soon, auto makers the world over copied him, in fact, he encouraged them to do so by writing a book about all of his innovations, entitled today and tomorrow, the age of the automobile has arrived. Today, everything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines.11.To what extent does the writer agree with the historian a century from now?
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