超星 - 三级阅读理解1

单选题

（二）Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:If U.S. software companies don’t pay more attention to quality，they could kiss their business good-bye. Both India and Brazil are developing a world-class software industry. their weapon is quality and one of jobs is to attract the top U.S. quality specialists whose voices are not listened to in their country. Already, of the world’s 12 software houses that have earned the highest rating in the world, seven are in India. That’s largely because they have used new methodologies rejected by American software specialists. for example, for decades, quality specialists, W. Edwards Deming and J. M. Juran had urged U.S. software companies to change their attentions to quality. But their quality call mainly fell on deaf ears in the U.S. but not in Japan. by the 1970s and 1980s, Japan was grabbing market share with better, cheaper products. They used Deming’s and Juran’s ideas to bring down the cost of good quality to as little as 5% of total production costs in U.S. factories, the cost of quality then was 10 times as high: 50% in software it still is.Watts S. Humphrey spent 27 years at IBM heading up software production and then quality assurance, but his advice was seldom paid attention to. He retired from IBM in 1986. In 1987, he worked out a system for assessing and improving software quality. It has proved its value time and again. For example, in 1990 the cost of quality at Raytheon Electronics Systems was almost 60% of total software production costs. It fell to 15% in 1996 and has since further dropped to below 10%, so, like Deming and Juran, Humphrey seems to be winning more praises overseas than at home.Let’s hope that U.S. lead in software will not be eaten up by its quality problem.6.Which countries respected Deming’s and Juran’s ideas according to the passage?

A. India and Brazil
B. India and Japan
C. U.S and Japan
D. Japan and Brazil

单选题

Which of the following is true about the cost of software quality?

A. It is higher in U.than in Japan.
B. It is higher in Japan than in India.
C. It is higher in India than in Japan.
D. It is higher in Brazil than in U.S..

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单选题

What does the passage say about watts Humphrey?

A. He was responsible for software production while at IBM.
B. He has won more respect in U.S than overseas.
C. His advanced system helped reduce the production cost.
D. He was paid more in overseas companies after this retirement.

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单选题

What does the writer imply about software companies in the future?

A. Brazil may reduce their production costs.
B. Japan may employ more quality specialists than other counties.
C. India may take the lead in the competition.
D. U.S will surely beat other counties and win the competition.

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单选题

（三）Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:When it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our live, you cannot overlook Henry Ford，a historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Ford who most influence all manufacturing, everywhere, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make cars----one, strange to say, that originated in slaughterhouses (屠宰场).Back in the early 1900’s, slaughterhouses used what could have been called a “disassembly line”. Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up production of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto, rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveyer, and each worker, as it passed, passed, added another part to it, the same one each time, professor David Hounshell of the university of Delaware, an expert on industrial development, tells what happened.The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one assembly every20 minutes, but on that day, on the line, the assembly team averaged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds per person.Within a year, the time had been reduced to five minutes, in 1913 Ford went all the way. Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were pulled past workers who completed them one pieces at a time. It wasn’t long before Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year, a remarkable achievement then, and so efficient and economical was this new system that he cut the piece of his cars in half, to $260 putting them within reach of all those who, up until that time, could not afford them, soon, auto makers the world over copied him, in fact, he encouraged them to do so by writing a book about all of his innovations, entitled today and tomorrow, the age of the automobile has arrived. Today, everything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines.11.To what extent does the writer agree with the historian a century from now?

A. He agrees only slightly.
B. He agrees almost completely.
C. He almost disagrees.
D. He disagrees completely.

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单选题

What can you infer from the passage about slaughterhouses?

Animals were killed for meat there.
B. Animals bodies were cut into pieces there.
C. Henry ford used to be a slaughter.
D. Slaughterhouse owners used automobile first.

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单选题

What happened on the first day when the assembly line was tried in ford’s factory?

A. The workers spent 20 minutes on one assembly.
B. The workers saved more than 13 minutes for one assembly.
C. The workers spent 10 minutes for one assembly.
D. The workers saved more than 6 minutes for one assembly.

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单选题

Which of the following is not true about ford’s cars after 1913?

A. Their piece was reduced to $260.
B. They were assembled more efficiently.
C. A lot more of than were made.
D. All Americans could afford them.

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单选题

Why did ford write the book entitle today and tomorrow?

A. To encourage other car makers to sell more cars.
B. To make his way manufacturing known to others.
C. To win praise from people the world over.
D. To advise the world to buy his assembly line.

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单选题

（四） Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take the friendship for granted, we often don't clearly understand how we make friends. While we get on well with a number of people, we are usually friends with only a very few. For example, the average among students is about 6 per person. In all the cases of friendly relationship, two people like one another and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons for their shared interest vary enormously. As we get to know people. We take into account things like age, race, economic condition, social position, and intelligence. Although these factors are not of prime importance, it is more difficult to get on with people when there is a marked difference in age and background. Some friendly relationships can be kept on argument and discussion, but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs, to have attitudes and interests in common they often talk about "being on the same wavelength" . It generally takes time to reach this report. And the more intimately involved people become, the more they rely on one another. People want to do friends favors and hate to break a promise. Equally, friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to tolerate differences of opinion.In contrast with marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the association between two people.But the supporting and understanding of each other that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond, which can overcome differences in background, and break down barriers of age, class or race. Some friendly relationships can be kept on argument and discussion, but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs, to have attitudes and interests in common they often talk about "being on the same wavelength". It generally takes time to reach this report. And the more intimately involved people become, the more they rely on one another. People want to do friends favors and hate to break a promise. Equally, friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to tolerate differences of opinion.In contrast with marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the association between two people.But the supporting and understanding of each other that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond, which can overcome differences in background, and break down barriers of age, class or race.16.What does the passage say about making friends?

A. People usually have fewer friends than they think.
B. People do not have to like each other to become friends.
C. People become friends when they get on well with each other.
D. People consider age and background unimportant in making friends.

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