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My mother's hands are deep in cabbage leaves, her sleeves pushed up past her elbows, as she sifts through water, salt, and vegetable. Beneath her nails are saffron flakes of red pepper powder. My mother wears an apron; under it her stomach is full and round. The apron is blue with red borders. I remember she bought it one day at Woodward's on sale.
I sit at the kitchen table beneath a peach-painted ceiling and a chandelier with oversized plastic teardrops. Every now then I get up and walk over to the counter, peer into the yellow tub, watch, pretend to watch, and then sit down again. Across from me, the little knick-knacks my mother loves so much-ceramic flowers, Delfts-blue miniature vases, a figurine forever windblown -- are arranged carefully upon the window sill.
My mother's hands are thin-skinned, pale, spotted and freckled with age and sun. The nails are thick, almost yellow. A few strands of hair, not quite black, fall over her forehead and her mouth is slightly open, the tip of her tongue just visible between her teeth as she lifts and mixes the cabbage leaves. "Are you paying attention?" she wants to know, and I nod at ceramic flowers, Delfts-blue miniature vases, a figurine forever windblown.
Kim chee is pickled cabbage. Friends always ask me for bottles of the stuff: Mama Kim's special recipe, they tease. I pass this on the my mother and she grumbles and laughs, embarrassed, pleased.
My mother's hands lie in my lap and I touch them carefully, life them like small, live animals, fit them into the plans of my own hands, turn them over and think of crab-hunting as a child and a trail of overturned, shell-encrusted sea rocks.
Once I told my mother that I would like to photograph her hands, and she peered down at them, lifted her hands up to her face suspiciously as if seeing them for the first time. "My hands? she asked, and I went and fetched some skin lotion from the bathroom. Her hands were too dry.
I had her sit on the couch in the living-room. The couch was floral-patterned and she sat in the centre of it, awkward, distracted. I took the pictures, head-to-tee shots, some of her hands alone. They lay limply in her lap. She held one hand with the other. She didn't know what else to do with them. I took the pictures. Every ten minutes or so she got up and walked to the kitchen, checked the oven, the various pots. My father walked by once, and joked, "How about my hands?"
The cabbage leaves are washed and salted and rinsed. This much I remember. A winter's sun floats in through the window, plays weakly with the plastic tear-drops, falls down onto the kitchen table, onto my own hands. I suppose they will soon look like hers.
I get up, restless, lean over the counter, try to concentrate. Every year for the last five years or so I have asked my mother to teach me how to pickle cabbage. Every year I have watched her hands, seen the aprons change, the stomach grow more round -- the cabbage leaves are washed and salted and rinsed. This much I remember.
I take the rolls of film to a friend who knows something about photography. He develops them and is impressed. He sees a small Asian woman, smiling hesitantly into a camera, lost among the flowers of living-room couches. She is tired and stiff. My friend doesn't even notice her hands. He calls the photos "real", I call them "disappointing".
The kim chee is just made so it is not quite ripe, but we eat a little of it at dinner, anyway. My father tells me his story about villagers who ran away during the war, as the bombs came down, with earthenware kim ehee pots in their arms. It is favourite, not quite-ripe kim thee story.
When the winter sunlight comes through the kitchen window, tear-refracted onto my own hands. I stop writing and put down my pen. My mother asks, "What are you writing?" And I tell her that I am writing about kim chee. She laughs, "You don't even know

A. My mother's band.
B. Pickled cabbage.
C. Kim chee.
D. My mother.

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Humans can distinguish about ______.

A. 10,000 different odors
B. 10 different odors
C. 1,000 different odors
D. 100 different odors

At 5:30 in the morning we are deep in a dark forest on an island in the middle of the Panama Canal. We've been out walking for only 15 minutes, but I'm already soaked in sweat.
As a colleague and I plod along, my head lamp picks out the occasional trail marker, but mainly the light seems to operate as a major local landmark for insects. Several mosquitoes have already discovered the delights of the soft parts of my ears, while others are slowly working their way between my socks and legs to be discovered later after much scratching. Suddenly a deranged roaring and barking starts 25m above my head and builds chaotically and intensity before slowly quieting after several minutes. Similar mad choruses respond from other areas of the forest. Hearing the dawn cacophony of howler monkeys always given me a deep sense of pleasure -- the joy of being back in the tropics. It may be a hot, humid place where insects, plants and fungi rule, but the phone and fax won't find me here. I'm free to watch monkeys, collect data and try to tease out a tiny piece of the great puzzle of life's diversity.
That diversity faces disaster, and every biologist has a horror story to tell. Each year many of us return to the field after a cold winter's teaching to discover that-our research sites have been destroyed and our experiments and study organisms have disappeared. We can see with our own eyes the mass extermination of the world's animal and plant life as forests, savannas and wetlands give way to farmland, housing developments and shopping malls. If current rates of habitat destruction continue, it is likely that we will condemn from a quarter to half the world's currently living species to extinction within the next 100 years.
Nowhere is life more diverse than in tropical rain forests, and nowhere is the assault on life more tragic. Scientists are only beginning to understand the complex webs of interdependencies among various species. Increasingly, ecological research in the tropics in revealing how dependent humans are on forests for a wide variety of important services, particularly regulation of the earth's atmosphere and climate. We may owe as much to the residents of the rain forests as we do our cattle, corn and wheat. Much of our understanding of tropical-forest biology comes from research on Barro Colorado Island, a 1,600-hectare dot in the middle of the Panama Canal. B.C.I. , as the island is affectionately known to the biologists who work there, is covered with dense tropical forest, which was declared a nature reserve in 1923. The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute facility on B. C. I. , established in 1946, is a Mecca for tropical biologists, who work to uncover the complex links between the large variety of species that live in forests and to demonstrate the importance of these woodlands as sources for medicines and other products of incalculable value to humans.
The atmosphere at the research station is probably similar to that at Los Alamos, New Mexico, in the 1940s when a group of the world's top physicists were cloistered together trying to design the atom bomb. The justified the creation of a nuclear weapon by assuming it would provide the ultimate deterrent that could be used to reinforce peace in a democratic world. Similarly, the longer-term future of human civilization on earth is dependent on the earth's forests, which act as its lungs, livers and kidneys. That is why scientists on B. C. I. are struggling to unravel the mysteries of the forests before they disappear.
At first the forest in Panama just looks like a wall of green. Then you start to notice differences between plant species, and the sheer diversity seems suddenly overwhelming. Variations between plants are often subtle and only apparent for the short period of time that a species bears flowers or fruit. Slowly you begin to identify specific types and family groups such as the palms, heliconia

A. research into tropical-forest biology on Barro Colorado Island
B. how the whole ecosystems can depend on the survival of a single species
C. the life cycle of the fig wasp
D. the importance of forests to the human race

It is doubtful that Tyrannosaurus Rex had lips or that Triceratops had cheeks, says Lawrence Witmer, an assistant professor of anatomy at Ohio University in Athens, Ohio. Witmer was a leading researcher for a study on dinosaur anatomy that was presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Vertebrate Paleontology, which concluded on October 3 in Snowbird, Utah.
Witmer's study reached its conclusions by using high-tech computerized axial to mograply (CT or CAT) scans along with comparative anatomy studies. For example, the theory that Triecratops and similar dinosaur species had cheeks was based on past comparisons with mammals such as sheep. But Witmer's carful analysis found the structure of the triceratops jaw and skull made it more likely that Triceratops had a beak like that of an eagle. Witmer said that scientists should use birds and crocodiles as models when researching the appearance of dinosaurs.
In early October scientists announced that they had confirmed the discovery of a new type of ceratopsian dinosaur. The dinosaur's bones, found in New Mexico in 1996, are forcing paleontologists to rethink their theories about when ceratopsiaus migrated to what is now North America.
Scientists previously thought that ceratopsians, the group that included the well-known Triceratops, arrived in North America from Asia between 70 million and 80 million years ago. During this time, the late Gretaceous Period, the earth's two supercontinents -- Laurasia in the north and Gondwanaland in the south -- were in the process of pulling apart, cutting dinosaur populations off from each other and interrupting migratory patterns.
The fossilized bones, found by eight-year-old Christopher Wolfe and his father, paleontologist Doug Wolfe of the Mesa Southwest Museum in Arizona, date to about 90 million years ago. This could mean that ceratopsians originated in North America and migrated to Asia rather than the reverse, paleontologists said. Doug Wolfe named the important new species of dinosaur Zuniceratops christopheri after his son.
An expedition from the Universities of Alaska in Anchorage and Fairbanks has discovered a region in remote northern Alaska so rich in fossilized dinosaur tracks that team members dubbed it the "dino expressway". The trampled area was found during the summer of 1998 in Alaska's North Slope near the Brooks Range.
The team found 13 new track sites and made casts from the prints of five different types of dinosaurs. The rock in which the prints were found dates to more than 100 million years ago, or about 25 million years older than the previously discovered signs of dinosaurs in the Arctic region. Paleontologists said that the new findings provide important evidence that dinosaurs migrated between Asia and North America during the early and mid-Cretaceous Period, before Asia split off into its own continent.
Two rich fossil sites in the hills of Bolivia have been recently discovered, exciting paleontologists and dinosaur buffs. This discovery includes one of the most spectacular dinosaur trackways ever found.
The discovery of a large site in the mountain region of Kila Kila in southern Bolivia was announced in early October. Here scientists found the tracks of at least two unknown species of dinosaur. These included a large quadruped (four-foot-ed) dinosaur that was probably about 20m (about 70ft.) long.
The other site, located not far from the Bolivian city of Sucre, was uncovered in a cement quarry by workers several years ago but was not brought to paleontologists' attention until the middle of 1998. The site features a

A. Tyrannosaurus Rex had lips and Triceratops had cheeks
B. dinosaurs might have looked like mammals such as sheep
C. dinosaurs might not have looked like what we thought
D. dinosaurs must have looked like birds or crocodiles

Which of the following statements is true?

A. Stone of the treats can be removed.
B. Young people play a minor role in tipping the police off some accidents.
C. It is found that the attacker is likely to tell his plan beforehand to his peer.
D. It is not difficult to make young people understand why it is in their interest to tattle.

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