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One result of these problems has been a renewed discussion of the presence of substantial numbers of international students on U.S. campuses. Anecdotal reports suggest that the number of new international students entering the United States is declining.
The downward trend is consistent with data on the number of student visas being issued by the State Department. Applications by Arab and Muslim men and those of any student seeking to study science had to be sent to Washington for review, and men from 25 countries identified as potential harbors for terrorism face new registration requirements once they enter the United States.
These procedures led to long lines at U.S. consulates around the world and to many well-publicized situations in which students were unable to reach their intended campus in time for the opening of classes last autumn.
One continuing problem, university officials say, is that U.S. consulates no longer routinely renew visas for international students whose visas expire while they are home for vacations or other short visits.
The issue of whether some students will continue to view the United States as a desirable place to study has also become a source of discussion. John Shull, college adviser at the Cairo American College, said, "We are seeing more of our students looking at non-U.S, universities." Lynch of Penn State said that his university is now getting "very few new students from the Middle East—especially males".
Stricter U.S. restrictions on foreign students studying in America and delays in processing visa requests appear to be doing part of the job for the British. Applications to British universities from foreign students have surged in the last year, particularly from countries with predominantly Muslim populations.
Among countries sending significant numbers of students to Britain, the biggest increases in applications were from Saudi Arabia. Education officials did not provide reasons for this striking pattern. But some individual universities said there were indications that new U.S. regulations and stricter enforcement were playing at least some role. In Britain, students can also get an education in English, at internationally known universities, but perhaps with a bit less hassle.
Officials said that, while Britain did not impose new regulations on students seeking visas to study here, enforcement of existing rules and scrutiny of applications may have been stepped up. Admissions authorities say they have had more contact with the police, and they are being more diligent about requiting students to leave the country once their visas expire.
Still, either out of choice or necessity, some students apparently are finding Britain to be a more attractive option than the United States.
Why U.S. imposes so much on international students？
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Above all else, small businesses want training that ______.
In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin different？
Explorer of the Extreme Deep
Oceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet. Yet, just a small fraction of the underwater world has been explored. Now, Scientists at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Massachusetts are building an underwater vehicle hat will carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters (21,320 feet). The new machine, known as a manned submersible or human-operated vehicle (HOV), will replace another one named Alvin which has an amazing record of discovery, playing a key role in various important and famous undersea expeditions. Alvin has been operating for 40 years but can go down only 4,500 meters (14,784 feet). It's about time for an upgrade ,WHOI researchers say.
Alvin was launched in 1964. Since then, Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year, says Daniel Fornari, a marine geologist and director Of the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI. During its lifetime, Alvin has carried some 12,000 people on a total of more than 3,000 dives. A newer, better versions of Alvin is bound to reveal even more surprises about a world that is still full of mysteries, Fornari says. It might also make the job of exploration a little easier. "We take so much for granted on land. " Fomari says. "We can walk around and see with our eyes how big things are. We can see colors, special arrangements. "
Size-wise, the new HOV will be similar to Alvin. It'll be about 37 feet long. The setting area inside will be a small sphere, about 8 feet wide, like Alvin. It'll carry a pilot and two passengers. It will be just as maneuverable. In most other ways, it will give passengers more opportunities to enjoy the view, for one thing. Alvin has only three windows, the new vehicle will have five, with more overlap so that the passengers and the pilot can see the same thing.
Alvin can go up and down at a rate of 30 meters every second, and its maximum speed is 2 knots (about 2.3 miles per hour), while the new vehicle will be able to ascend and descend at 44 meters per second. It'll reach speeds of 3 knots, or 3.5 miles per hour.
What is Alvin？
The News Industry in US
Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers？ The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long serf-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.
Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.
But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day's events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.
There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the "standard templates" of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.
Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they're less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.
Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.
This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.
What is the passage mainly about？
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