The author specifically mentions all of the following as difficulties that particularly affect women who are theoreticians of feminist literary criticism EXCEPT the _____.
A. tendency of a predominantly male academic establishment to form. preconceptions about women.
B. limitations that are imposed when criticism is defined as objective and scientific.
C. likelihood that the work of a woman theoretician who claims the privilege of art will be viewed with prejudice by some academics.
D. tendency of members of the academic establishment to treat all forms of feminist literary theory with hostility.
查看答案
It can be inferred that the author would define as "political" (Line 1, Para.3) the questions that _____.
A. cannot be resolved without extensive debate.
B. are primarily academic in nature and open to abstract analysis.
C. are contested largely through contention over power.
D. will be debated by both men and women.
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)
Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes: emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior. of most people. "The burnt child fears the fire" is one instance; another is the rise of despots like Hitler. Both these examples also point up the fact that attitudes come from experience. In the one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it was indirect and cumulative. The Nazis were influenced largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.
The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose words are highly regarded by them.
Another reason it is true is that pupils often devote their time to a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico his teacher's method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.
The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social studies (with special reference to races, creeds and nationalities), science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom...these are a few of the fertile fields for the inculcation of proper emotional reactions.
However, when children go to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by cajoling or scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences.
To illustrate, first-grade pupils afraid of policemen will probably alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading and all-day trips.
Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be negative if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decision as a result of objective analysis of all the facts.
Notes:
point up (= emphasize)强调,突出。touch upon触及。creed信条,教义。inculcation谆谆教诲。cajoling哄骗。
Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the text?
An assertion is made and two examples are given to illustrate it.
B. A controversy is stated and two opposite points of view are presented.
C. A widely accepted definition is presented and two men are described.
D. An idea is stated and two results of recent research are summarized.
It is this economic interdependency of the economic system which makes the power of trade unions such an important issue. Single trade unions have the ability to cut off many countries' economic blood supply. This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other countries, in part because the labor force is highly organized. About 55 percent of British workers belong to unions, compared to under a quarter in the United States. For historical reasons, Britain's unions have tended to develop along trade and occupational lines, rather than on an industry-by-industry basis, which makes a wages policy, democracy in industry and the improvement of procedure for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve.
There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade union movement, some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure. Some unions have lost many members because of their industrial changes. Others are involved in arguments about who should represent workers in new trades. Unions for skilled trades are separate from general unions, which mean that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feeling between unions. In traditional trades which are being pushed out of existence by advancing technologies, unions can fight for their members' disappointing jobs to the point where the jobs of other union members are threatened or destroyed. The printing of newspapers both in the United States and in Britain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printers to hold on to their traditional highly-paid jobs.
Trade unions have problems of internal communication just as managers in companies do, problems which multiply in very large unions or in those which bring workers in very different industries together into a single general union. Some trade union officials have to be re-elected regularly; others are elected, or even appointed, for life. Trade union officials have to work with a system of "shop stewards" in many unions, "shop stewards" being workers elected by other workers as their representatives at factory or works level.
Why is the interdependence of the U.K. economy mentioned in paragraph 1?
A. To point up the importance of the trade union power.
B. To outline in brief the great scale of essential services.
C. To illustrate the danger in the whole economic system.
D. To bring out a centralized and concentrated industrial society.
Task 2
Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 through 45.
Peter Fern was mad on mountains. Climbing was the love of his life. Church towers, seaside cliffs, rock faces, ice mountains, anything-- "if it's there" he used to say, "then I want to climb it." So the news of his marriage gave me a surprise. I'd neve
"Peter was mad on mountains." means ______.
A. he enjoyed to climb mountains
B. he was angry on mountains
C. he lost his senses on mountains
D. he enjoyed climbing mountains very much