题目内容
Some commonly occurring disorders, such as heart disease, high blood pressure, Alzheimer's disease, arthritis, and diabetes, are affected by variations in multiple genes, which complicate gene therapy.
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Some therapies may breach the Weismann barrier (between soma and germ-line) protecting the testes, potentially modifying the germline, falling afoul of regulations in countries that prohibit the latter practice.
Alipogene tiparvovec or Glybera, e.g., at a cost of $1.6 million per patient, was reported in 2016 to be the world's most expensive drug.
Today, we know that the "transforming principle" Griffith observed was the DNA of the III-S strain bacteria. While DNA had been known to biologists since 1969, most assumed at the time that proteins carried the information for inheritance.
Joshua Lederberg (1925-2008), a pioneer in bacterial genetics and plasmid biology, and a visionary in gene therapy shared the 1968 Noble prize with George Beadle (1903-1989) and Edward L. Tatum (1909-1975). Lederberg won ½ of the prize for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria. Both Beadle & Tatum won 1/4/ of the prize each for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events.
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