In WHO's Guiding Principles on Human Organ and Tissue Transplantation (2009), its Guiding Principle 5 declares that, "Cells, tissues and organs should only be donated freely, without any monetary payment or other reward of monetary value. Purchasing, or offering to purchase, cells, tissues or organs for transplantation, or their sale by living persons or by the next of kin for deceased persons, should be _______________. The prohibition on sale or purchase of cells, tissues and organs does not preclude reimbursing reasonable and verifiable expenses incurred by the donor, including loss of income, or paying the costs of recovering, processing, preserving and supplying human cells, tissues or organs for transplantation."
A. promoted
B. banned
C. encouraged
D. advertized
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In WHO's Guiding Principles on Human Organ and Tissue Transplantation (2009), its Guiding Principle 9 declares that, "The allocation of organs, cells and tissues should be guided by ________________ and ethical norms, not financial or other considerations. Allocation rules, defined by appropriately constituted committees, should be equitable, externally justified, and transparent."
A. doctor's decision
B. clinical criteria
C. social status of the potential recipients
D. financial status of the potential recipient
In WHO's Guiding Principles on Human Organ and Tissue Transplantation (2009), its Guiding Principle 6 declares that, "Promotion of ______________________ of human cells, tissues or organs by means of advertisement or public appeal may be undertaken in accordance with domestic regulation. Advertising the need for or availability of cells, tissues or organs, with a view to offering or seeking payment to individuals for their cells, tissues or organs, or, to the next of kin, where the individual is deceased, should be prohibited. Brokering that involves payment to such individuals or to third parties should also be prohibited."
A. forced donation
B. altruistic donation
C. nonvoluntary donation
D. involuntary donation
In WHO's Guiding Principles on Human Organ and Tissue Transplantation (2009), its Guiding Principle 7 declares that, "Physicians and other health professionals should not engage in transplantation procedures, and health insurers and other payers should not cover such procedures, if the cells, tissues or organs concerned have been obtained through _______________ or coercion of, or payment to, the donor or the next of kin of a deceased donor."
A. purchasing
B. exploitation
C. buying
D. forcement
In WHO's Guiding Principles on Human Organ and Tissue Transplantation (2009), its Guiding Principle 10 declares that, "High-quality, safe and efficacious procedures are essential for donors and recipients alike. The long-term outcomes of cell, tissue and organ donation and transplantation should be assessed for the living donor as well as the recipient in order to document benefit and harm. The level of safety, efficacy and quality of human cells, tissues and organs for transplantation, as health products of an exceptional nature, must be maintained and optimized on an ongoing basis. This requires implementation of _________________ including traceability and vigilance, with adverse events and reactions reported, both nationally and for exported human products."
A. assurance systems
B. insurance systems
C. quality systems
D. accountability systems