In 1956, Arthur von Hippel at MIT introduced many concepts of—and coined the term—"_________________________" as applied to dielectrics, ferroelectrics, and piezoelectrics.
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In 1965, Intel co-founder Gordon Moore described in Electronics magazine several trends he foresaw in the field of electronics. One trend now known as "_____________," described the density of transistors on an integrated chip (IC) doubling every 12 months (later amended to every 2 years).
In 1991, Sumio Iijima of NEC is credited with discovering the __________________, although there were early observations of tubular carbon structures by others as well. Iijima shared the Kavli Prize in Nanoscience in 2008 for this advance and other advances in the field.
In 1993, Moungi Bawendi of MIT invented a method for controlled synthesis of nanocrystals (quantum dots), paving the way for applications ranging from computing to biology to high-efficiency photovoltaics and lighting. Within the next several years, work by other researchers such as Louis Brus and Chris Murray also contributed methods for synthesizing _______________.
In ______, Congress enacted the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act (P.L. 108-153). The act provided a statutory foundation for the NNI, established programs, assigned agency responsibilities, authorized funding levels, and promoted research to address key issues.