Nanotechnology aims to use _____________________ to create human-made products by arranging the molecules of various shapes and surface features into patterns in order to obtain novel and useful features. These patterns then determine important materials properties such as electrical conductivity, optical properties and mechanical strength.
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Nanomaterials (nanoparticles) are materials or particles with any external dimension in the nanometer scale (from 1 nm to 100 nm) or having internal or surface structures in the ____________ scale.
Nanoparticles that are naturally occurring (e.g. volcanic ash or soot from forest fires) or are the incidental byproducts of combustion processes (e.g. welding, diesel engines) are usually physically and chemically heterogeneous, and are often termed ____________________.
Engineered nanomaterials are artificially produced, and designed with very specific properties related to their shape, size, surface, and _____________.
During 6th-15th centuries, vibrant stained glass windows in European cathedrals owed their rich colors to nanoparticles of __________________ and other metal oxides and chlorides; gold nanoparticles also acted as photocatalytic air purifiers.