Some viruses encode for a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Which of the following states a principle about viralRNA polymerases?
All RNA viruses carry RNA polymerase molecules insidevirus particles because they are needed to initiate the nextinfectious cycle.
B. Antibodies against the viral RNA polymerase neutralizevirus infectivity.
C. Negative-strand RNA viruses supply their own RNAdependent RNA polymerasebecause eukaryotic cells lacksuch enzymes.
D. The viral RNA polymerase protein also serves as a majorcore structural protein inthe virus particle.
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Which of the following can be used to quantitate the titer ofinfectious viruses?
A. Plaque assay
B. Electron microscopy
C. Hemagglutination
D. Polymerase chain reaction
Enzyme immunoassay
Resident flora is absent from the
A. Pharynx
B. Lungs
C. Small intestine
D. Synovial fluid
E. Conjunctiva
Dental plaque and periodontal disease can be thought of as acontinuum of what type of physiological process?
A. Biofilm formation
B. Normal aging
C. Abnormal digestion
D. Exaggerated immune response
E. Chewing gum
Replication of which of the following requires integration with a bacterial replicon?
A. Single-stranded DNA bacteriophage
B. Double-stranded DNA bacteriophage
C. Single-stranded RNA bacteriophage
D. Plasmid
E. Transposon