题目内容
Most people would be【C1】______ by the high quality of medicine【C2】______ to most Americans. There is a lot of specialization, a great deal of【C3】______ to the individual, a【C4】______ amount of advanced technical equipment, and【C5】______ effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must【C6】______ in the courts if the【C7】______ things badly.
But the Americans are in a mess. The problem is the way in【C8】______ health care is organized and 【C9】______ .【C10】______ to public belief it is not just a free competition system. The private system has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not【C11】______ the less fortunate and the elderly.
But even with this huge public part of the system,【C12】______ this year will eat up 84.5 billion dollars-more than 10 per cent of the U.S. budget-large numbers of Americans are left【C13】______ . These include about half the 11 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits【C14】______ income fixed by a government trying to make savings where it can.
The basic problem, however, is that there is no central control【C15】______ the health system. There is no【C16】______ to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services, other than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate person concerned can do is【C17】______ up.
Two-thirds of the population【C18】______ covered by medical insurance. Doctors charge as much as they want【C19】______ that the insurance company will pay the bill.
The rising cost of medicine in the U.S. is among the most worrying problems facing the country. In 1981 the country's health bill climbed 15.9 per cent-about twice as fast as prices【C20】______ general.
【C1】
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Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Racket, din clamor, noise. Whatever you want to call it, unwanted sound is America's most widespread nuisance. But noise is more than just a nuisance. It constitutes a real and present danger to people's health. Day and night, at home, at work, and at play, noise can produce serious physical and psychological stress. No one is immune to this stress. Though we seem to adjust to noise by ignoring it, the ear, in fact, never closes and the body still responds—sometimes with extreme tension, as to a strange sound in the night.
The annoyance we feel when faced with noise is the most common outward symptom of the stress building up inside us. Indeed, because irritability is so apparent, legislators have made public annoyance the basis of many noise abatement(消除) programs. The more subtle and more serious health hazards associated with stress caused by noise traditionally have been given much less attention. Nevertheless, when we are annoyed or made irritable by noise, we should consider these symptoms fair warning that other things may be happening to us, some of which may be damaging to our health.
Of the many health hazards related to noise, hearing loss is the most dearly observable and measurable by health professionals. The other hazards are harder to pin down. For many of us, there may be a risk that exposure to the stress of noise increases susceptibility to disease and infection. The more susceptible among us may experience noise as a complicating factor in heart problems end other diseases. Noise that causes annoyance and irritability in healthy persons may have serious consequences for those already ill in mind or body.
Noise affects us throughout our lives. For example, there are indications of effects on the unborn child when mothers are exposed to industrial and environmental noise. During infancy and childhood, youngsters exposed to high noise levels may have trouble falling asleep and obtaining necessary amounts of rest.
Why, than, is there not greater alarm about these dangers？ Perhaps it is because the link between noise and many disabilities or diseases has not yet been conclusively demonstrated. Perhaps it is because we tend to dismiss annoyance as a price to pay for living in the modern world. It may also be because we still think of hearing loss as only an occupational hazard.
The phrase "immune to" (Line 3, Para. 1) are used to mean ______.
听力原文：M: What would you do if you beard a strange noise in the middle of the night？
W: I'd lie awake a little while, waiting to see if it happened again. And if it did, I'd get up.
Q: How would you describe the woman？
(14)
听力原文：W: I'm learning a lot in my philosophy class. Have you ever taken any courses m that department？
M: Only the one last year, none since then.
Q: What does the man mean？
(16)
Is College Really Worth the Money？
The Real World
Este Griffith had it all figured out. When she graduated from the University of Pittsburgh in April 2001, she had her sights set on one thing: working for a labor union.
The real world had other ideas. Griffith left school with not only a degree but a boatload of debt. She owed $15,000 in student loans and had racked up $4.000 in credit card debt for books, groceries and other expenses. No labor union job could pay enough to bail her out.
So Griffith went to work instead for a Washington. D.C. firm that specializes in economic development. Problem solved？ Nope. At age 24. she takes home about $1.800 a month. $1.200 of which-disappears to pay her tent. Add another $t80 a month to retire her student loans and $300 a month to whittle down her credit card balance. "You do the math." she says.
Griffith has practically no money to live on. She brown-bags(自带午餐) her lunch and bikes to work. Above all, she fears she'll never own a house or be able to retire. It's not that she regrets getting her degree. "But they don't tell you that the trade-off is the next ten years of your income." she says
That's precisely the deal being made by more and more college students. They're mortgaging their futures to meet soaring tuition costs and other college expenses. Like Griffith. they're facing a one-two punch at graduation: hefty(沉重的) student loans and smothering credit card debt not to mention a job market that, for now anyway, is dismal.
"We are forcing our children to make a choice between two evils." says Elizabeth Warren. a Harvard Law professor and expert on bankruptcy. "Skip college and face a life of diminished opportunity, or go to college end face a life shackled(束缚 ) by debt."
Tuition Hikes
For some time. colleges have insisted their steep tuition hikes are needed to pay for cutting-edge technologies, faculty and administration salaries, end rising health care costs. Now there's a new culprit(犯人): shrinking state support. Caught in a severe budget crunch, many states have sharply scaled back their funding for higher education.
Someone had to make up for those lost dollars. And you can guess who---especially if you live in Massachusetts, which last year hiked its tuition and fees by 24 percent, after funding dropped by 3 percent, or in Missouri, where appropriations (拨款) fell by t0 percent, but tuition rose at double that rate. About one-third of the states, in fact, have increased tuition and fees by more then 10 percent.
One of those states is California, and Janet Burrell's family is feeling the palm A bookkeeper m Torrance, Burrell has a daughter at the University of California at Davis. Meanwhile, her sons attend two-year colleges because Burrell can't afford to have all of them in four-year schools at once.
Meanwhile, even with tuition hikes, California's community colleges are so strapped for cash they dropped thousands of classes last spring. The result: 54,000 fewer students.
Collapsing Investments
Many families thought they had a surefire plan: even if tuition kept skyrocketing, they had invested enough money along the way to meet the costs. Then a funny thing happened on the way to Wall Street. Those investments collapsed with the stock market. Among the losers last year: the wildly popular "529" plans--federal tax-exempt college savings plans offered by individual states, which have attracted billions from families around the country. "We hear fr0m many parents that what they had set aside declined in value so much that they now don't have enough to see their students through," says Penn State financial aid director Anna Griswold, who witnessed a 10 percent increase in loan applications last year. Even with a market that may be slowly recovering, it will take time, perhap
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