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In ______, the US commissioners introduced the Uniform Anatomical Gift Act as a model for legislation by individual states. According to the policy's language, a gift could be made during life through a will or on a card designed to be carried on the person and that would override the demands of relatives after death.
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In WHO's Guiding Principles on Human Organ and Tissue Transplantation (2009), its Guiding Principle 1 delcares that, "Cells, tissues and organs may be removed from the bodies of deceased persons for the purpose of transplantation if: (a) any ____________ required by law is obtained, and (b) there is no reason to believe that the deceased person objected to such removal."
In ______, a human head transplant carried out on a corpse by doctors in Harbin, China. This immeidately caused heavy ethics debate and attracted criticisms from doctors, institutes and government officers.
In WHO's Guiding Principles on Human Organ and Tissue Transplantation (2009), its Guiding Principle 3 declares that, "Donation from deceased persons should be developed to its maximum therapeutic potential, but adult living persons may donate organs as permitted by domestic regulations. In general living donors should be ___________________________ related to their recipients. Live donations are acceptable when the donor's informed and voluntary consent is obtained, when professional care of donors is ensured and follow-up is well organized, and when selection criteria for donors are scrupulously applied and monitored. Live donors should be informed of the probable risks, benefits and consequences of donation in a complete and understandable fashion; they should be legally competent and capable of weighing the information; and they should be acting willingly, free of any undue influence or coercion."
In WHO's Guiding Principles on Human Organ and Tissue Transplantation (2009), its Guiding Principle 4 declares that, "No cells, tissues or organs should be removed from the body of a living minor for the purpose of transplantation other than narrow exceptions allowed under national law. Specific measures should be in place to protect the minor and, wherever possible the minor's assent should be obtained before donation. What is applicable to minors also applies to any _____________________________."
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