The genes in JCV-syn3.0 can be classified into 4 major functional groups:
A. 1. genes responsible for the expression of genome information (195 genes)
B. 2. genes responsible for the preservation of genome information (34 genes)
C. 3. genes for maintaining cell membrane structure & function (84 genes)
D. 4. genes responsible for cytosolic metabolism (81 genes)
Whichofthefollowingstatementsabout "ThePrinciplesfortheOversightofSyntheticBiology" (2012)arecorrect?
A. OnMar13,2012,over100environmentalandcivilsocietygroups,includingFriendsoftheEarth,theInternationalCenterforTechnologyAssessmentandtheETCGroupissuedthemanifestoThePrinciplesfortheOversightofSyntheticBiology.
B. Thismanifestocallsforaworldwidemoratoriumonthereleaseandcommercialuseofsyntheticorganismsuntilmorerobustregulationsandrigorousbiosafetymeasuresareestablished.
C. Thegroupsspecificallycallforanoutrightbanontheuseofsyntheticbiologyonthehumangenomeorhumanmicrobiome.
D. RichardLewontinwrotethatsomeofthesafetytenetsforoversightdiscussedinThePrinciplesfortheOversightofSyntheticBiologyarereasonable,butthatthemainproblemwiththerecommendationsinthemanifestoisthat"thepublicatlargelackstheabilitytoenforceanymeaningfulrealizationofthoserecommendations".
Which of the following statements about "IASB: Technical Solutions for Biosecurity in Synthetic Biology (2008)" are correct?
A. TheassemblyofartificialDNAintofunctionalgenesandtheproductionofproteinsfromsuchgenesisavailableasahighlystandardizedcommercialservice.Thisinternationalindustrycurrentlyfillsthousandsofordersforwholegenesandmillionsofordersforshortoligonucleotideseachday.
B. Insomeinstances,theseorderscompriseDNAsequencesderivedfrompathogenicorganisms,andinrarecasesfrompathogenswithanextremelyhighmortalityrate,suchastheEbolavirus.
C. ThemostfrequentlycitedlistsofbiologicalagentswithpotentialtoposeaseverethreattopublichealthandsafetyarepublishedbytheUSFederalRegister,FDA,NIAID,CDC,bytheAmericanandEuropeanSocietiesforMicrobiologyandbytheWHO.
D. Thereexistofcourseanumberofnationalregulationsthatdealwithbiosecurity.Mostcountries,includingtheUSAandEUmembers,havelegislationinplaceforthelimitationoftheexportofdualusegoods.ThisincludessyntheticDNA.
ThemajorsafetyconcernswithALife&syntheticbiologyare:
A. biosafety&biorisk:horizontalgenetransfer,theformationofantibiotic-resistantsuperbugs,etc.
B. bioterrorism(e.g.design&useofnewbiologicalweapons)
C. biosecurity:synthesisofdangerousbacteriaorviruses,e.g.poliovirusgenomesynthesizedin2002,theSpanishinfluenzavirusgenomesynthesizedin2005,theSARSvirusgenomesynthesizedin2008,theEbolavirusgenomesynthesizedin2016,&thehorsepoxvirusgenomesynthesizedin2017
D. environmentalrisk&impact:intentionalorunintentionalreleaseofsyntheticorganismsintotheenvironment
Which of the following about "New Directions: The Ethics of Synthetic Biology and Emerging Technologies" are correct?
After the publication of the first synthetic genome & the accompanying media coverage about "life" being created, President Barack Obama established the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues to study synthetic biology.
B. The Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues released its first report, New Directions: The Ethics of Synthetic Biology and Emerging Technologies, on Dec 16, 2010.
C. The commission stated that "while Venter's achievement marked a significant technical advance in demonstrating that a relatively large genome could be accurately synthesized and substituted for another, it did not amount to the "creation of life". It noted that synthetic biology is an emerging field, which creates potential risks and rewards. The commission did not recommend policy or oversight changes and called for continued funding of the research and new funding for monitoring, study of emerging ethical issues and public education".
D. Synthetic biology, as a major tool for biological advances, results in the "potential for developing biological weapons, possible unforeseen negative impacts on human health ... and any potential environmental impact".
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