It is when a health professional recognises a client's or patient's culture is different from his or her own and engages in an equal partnership of negotiation when facilitating care. Health professionals need to progress through three stages of learning to reach the fourth stage of cultural competence:
A. The first stage is cultural awareness, when we recognise another person's cultural identity, heritage, ethnohistory and stereotype.
B. The second stage is gaining the necessary cultural knowledge to understand the client's or patient's health beliefs, anthropological, sociological and biological differences, and health inequalities.
C. The third stage is cultural sensitivity, when the professional uses empathy, interprofessional communication skills, trust, respect, acceptance, appropriateness, and awareness of the barriers that impede sensitive practice.
D. The final stage is cultural competence, when a health professional uses appropriate assessment and diagnostic and clinical skills to challenge prejudice, discrimination and inequality to provide quality care.
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Themeasurestopromotenonmaleficenceare:
A. don'tcommitneedlessharmcausedbycarelessness,malice,inadvertence,avoidableignorance
B. meetstandardofcareforpatient,orevidencedbaseddecisions
C. witheverydecisionsubjecttorisk/benefitanalysis
D. makeevidenced-baseddecisions
Which of the following statements aboutnonmaleficence are right?
A. The principle of nonmaleficence involves not only the duty of care to avoid actual harm but also the risk of harm.
B. Nonmaleficence implies restraint from doing harm, or prevention or prohibition of some action, which would cause harm.
C. Sometimes health professionals consider it difficult to separate beneficence & nonmaleficence, or that they are the same. However, it needs to be remembered that beneficence is actively doing good, whereas nonmaleficence means active prevention of harm.
D. The principle of nonmaleficence means 'above all, do not harm'.
Which of the following statements about veracity are right?
A. Issues of truth telling must be handled sensitively.
B. In relation to the rule of veracity the health professional needs to strive to be honest, straightforward, & truthful as possible.
C. This means to disclose all information that a patient needs to make a decision, not to tell lies about care & treatment, and, when asked questions by the patient, to answer those truthfully.
D. It means truthfulness.
Which of the following statements about confidentiality are right?
A. If the confidentiality of the key information about the patients were not protected, trust in the physician-patient relationship would be diminished.
B. The obligation of confidentiality prohibits the health care provider from disclosing information about the patient's case to others without permission & encourages the providers & health care systems to take precautions to ensure that only authorized access occurs.
C. It requires health care providers to keep a patient's personal health information private unless consent to release the information is provided by the patient.
D. Confidentiality is one of the core duties & ethical rule in clinical practice.
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