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In June 2016, scientists announced that approximately $100 million will be raised to launch the Human Genome Project-Write (HGP-Write) with the goal of synthesizing a complete human genome within 30 years.
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In 2016, the in vivo expression yields of multicopper oxidase have been limited by the copper concentration in the microbe. Li et al. demonstrated that low titers of soluble multicopper oxidases can be produced by the simple addition of copper ions into cell-free protein synthesis for application in wastewater decolorization and pulp delignification.
In Sep 2019, Anavy et al. report the development of encoding and decoding methods that exploit this redundancy using composite DNA letters. A composite DNA letter is a representation of a position in a sequence that consists of a mixture of all four DNA nucleotides in a predetermined ratio. The methods encode data using fewer synthesis cycles. They encode 6.4 MB into composite DNA, with distinguishable composition medians, using 20% more synthesis cycles per unit of data, as compared to previous reports.
To increase the diversity of post-translational behaviors that can be programmed, Foight GW et al. built a system in 2019 based on a single protein receiver that can integrate multiple drug inputs, including approved therapeutics. The system translates drug inputs into diverse outputs using a suite of engineered reader proteins to provide variable dimerization states of the receiver protein.
Recently, 26 natural chromosomes of S. cerevisiae were successfully fused into a single chromosome, similar to that found in prokaryotic cells; the artificial S. cerevisiae still has normal cellular functions.
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