题目内容
The United States court system, as part of the federal system of government, is characterized by dual hierarchies: there are both state and federal courts. Each state has its own system of courts, composed of civil and criminal trial courts, sometimes intermediate courts of appeal, and a state supreme court. The federal court system consists of a series of trial courts(called district courts)serving relatively small geographic regions(There is at least one for every state), a tier of circuit courts of appeal that hear appeals from many district counts in a particular geographic region, and the Supreme Court of the United States. The two court systems are to some extent overlapping, in that certain kinds of disputes (such as a claim that a state law is in violation of the Constitution)may be initiated in either system. They are also to some extent hierarchical, for the federal system stands above the state sys- tem in that litigants (persons engaged in lawsuits )who lose their cases in the state supreme courts may appeal their cases to the Supreme Court of the United States.
Thus, the typical court case begins in a trail count—a court of general jurisdiction—in the state or federal system. Most cases go to further than the trial court; for example, the criminal defendant is convicted (by a trial or a guilty plea)and sentenced by the court and the case ends; the personal injury suit results in a judgment by a trail court (or an out-of-court settlement by the parties while the court suit is pending)and the parties leave the court sys- tem. But sometimes the losing party at the trial court cares enough about the cause that the matter does not end there. In these cases, the "loser" at the trial court may appeal to the next higher court.
According to the passage, district courts are also known as______.
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We should also know that "greed" has little to do with the environmental crisis. The two main causes are population pressures, especially the pressures of large metropolitan populations, and the desire—a highly commendable(praiseworthy)one—to bring a decent living at the lowest possible cost to the largest possible number of people.
The environmental crisis is the result of success—success in cutting down the mortality (死亡率)of infants (which has given us the population explosion), success in raising farm output sufficiently to prevent mass famine (which has given us contaminati9n by pesticides and chemical fertilizers), success in getting people out of the houses of the 19th-century city and into the teenager and privacy of the single-family home in the suburbs(which has given us urban sprawl and traffic jams). The environmental crisis, in other words, is largely the result of doing too much of the right sort of thing.
To overcome the problems that success always creates, one must build on it. But where to start？ cleaning up the environment requires determined, sustained effort with clear targets and deadlines. It requires, above all, concentration of effort UP to now we have tried to do a little bit of everything—when what eve ought to do first is draw up a list of priorities.
This passage assumed the desirability of______.
进货是配送中心组织和调度的重要依据，是配送中心作业流程的开端。
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【C10】
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