题目内容
"To take part is what matters" in the first paragraph means ______.
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The Greatest Show on Earth
The Olympic Games (奥林匹克运动会) are the greatest festival of sport in the world. Every four years, a hundred or more countries send their best sportsmen to compete (竞赛) for the highest honors in sport. As many as 6,000 people take part in over 20 sports. For the winners, there are gold medals(奖牌) and glory. But there is honor, too, for all who compete, win or lose. That is in spirit of the Olympics—to take part is what matters.
The Olympic Games always start in a bright color and action. The teams of all the nations parade in the opening ceremony(仪式) and march round the track. The custom is for the Greek team to march in first. For it was in Greece that the Olympics began. The team of the country where the Games are being held—the host country—marches in last.
The runner with the Olympic torch (火炬) then enters the stadium(体育场) and lights the flame. A sportsman from the host country takes the Olympic oath (誓言) on behalf of all the competitors(竞赛者. The judges and officials also take an oath. After the sportsmen march out of the stadium the host country puts on a wonderful display.
The competitions begin the next day. There are usually more than twenty sports in the Games. The rule is that there must be at least fifteen. The main events are in track and field (田径), but it is a few days before these sports start. Each day the competitors take part in a different sport—riding, shooting, swimming, and cross-country running. Points are gained for each event. Medals are awarded (颁发) for the individual winners and for national teams.
More and more women are taking part in the games. They first competed in 1900, in tennis and golf, which are no longer held in the Olympics. Women's swimming events were introduced in 1912. But it was not until 1928 that there were any track and field events for women. Now, they compete in all but half a dozen of the sports. In horse riding, shooting, and boat racing, they may compete in the same events as the men.
What is the basic honor in taking part in the Olympic Games？
What Is Anthrax (炭疽)？
There's been a lot of talk about anthrax on the news lately. Some people are worried that anthrax may be connected to terrorist attacks or that terrorists may spread the germ that______(51) the disease. Federal officials and police are investigating this and taking______(52) to protect us.
In the meantime, it's important not to panic over anthrax. The chances that you and your family______(53) at risk are very tiny. One of the ways you can feel better is to learn about anthrax. When you know what it is and______(54) you can get it, it doesn't seem quite as scary.
So, what______(55) is anthrax？
Here are the facts on anthrax:
Anthrax is a bacterial infection caused by a germ. Although it's most common in farm ______(56), like sheep, cows, pigs, horses, and goats, there's a very small chance that people can get it, too.
Anthrax spores (孢子) (a version of the germ in a protective shell that can live in the soil for years) cause the disease.
People may get anthrax if they are exposed to anthrax______(57). But here's the important part: just being exposed to these spores doesn't mean that a person will get ______(58).
For a person to get sick, he would have to breathe in thousands of these spores all the way into his______(59). Or he'd have to eat meat contaminated with anthrax or handle______(50) that has anthrax spores. This may sound scary, but even when a person comes______(61) contact with the spores, it's unlikely that he'll get sick. ______(62) the bacteria do not get into the skin, digestive tract, or lung, the disease won't develop.
Anthrax is not spread from person to person the way the flu can spread from family member to______(83) member or classmate to classmate.
Anthrax can almost always be successfully treated with antibiotics (抗生素).
Anthrax is very rare. Until recently, anthrax wasn't even talked about because it was so rare — and it still______(64)! Even with all of the anthrax cases you are hearing about right now, a person's chances of getting anthrax are about the______(65) as they were before you heard about anthrax on the news — very, very low.
The title can be replaced by The Glacial Epoch.
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)
It might take only the touch of peach fuzz to make an autistic child howl in pain. The odour of the fruit could be so overpowering that he gags. For reasons that are not well understood, people with autism do not integrate all of their senses in ways that help them understand properly what they are experiencing. By the age of three, the signs of autism—infrequent eye contact, over-sensitivity or over—sensitivity to the environment, difficulty mixing with others—are in full force. There is no cure; intense behavioural therapies serve only to lessen the symptoms.
The origins of autism are obscure. But a paper in Brain, a specialist journal, casts some light. A team headed by Marcel Just, of Carnegie Mellon University, and Nancy Minshew, of the University of Pittsburgh, has found evidence of how the brains of people with autism function differently from those without the disorder.
Using a brain-scanning technique called functional magnetic-resonance imaging (FMRI), Dr. Just, Dr. Minshew and their team compared the brain activity of young adults who had "high-functioning" autism (in which an autiat's IQ score is normal) with that of non-autistic participants. The experiment was designed to examine two regions of the brain known to be associated with language—Broca's area and Wernicke's area—when the participants were reading.
Three differences emerged. First, Wernicke's area, the part responsible for understanding individual words, was more active in autists than non-autists. Second, Broca's area—where the components of language are integrated to produce meaning—was less active. Third, the activity of the two areas was less synchronised.
This research has led Dr. Just to offer an explanation for autism. He calls it "underconnectivity theory". It depends on h recent body of work which suggests that the brain's white matter (the wiring that connects the main bodies of the nerve cells, or grey matter, together) is less dense and less abundant in the brain of an autistic person than in that of a non-autist. Dr. Just suggests that abnormal white matter causes the grey matter to adapt to the resulting lack of communication. This hones some regions to levels of superior ability, while others fall by the wayside.
The team chose to examine Broca's and Wernicke's areas because language-based experiments are easy to conduct. But if the underconnectivity theory applies to the rest of the brain, too, it would be less of a mystery why some people with autism are hypersensitive to their environments, and others are able to do certain tasks, such as arithmetic, so well. And if it is true that underconnectivity is indeed the main problem, then treatments might be developed to stimulate the growth of the white-matter wiring.
Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph？
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