With successful immunosuppression using azathioprine and steroids emerging in ______, a number of groups started work on islet transplantation in the mid-1960s. The necessary first step—the separation of pancreatic islets in quantity—proved to be difficult. The work of Paul E. Lacy at St. Louis, which allowed a fair yield of islets from a whole gland, spurred progress in 1977.
A. 1956
B. 1959
C. 1963
D. 1969
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A legend from the ____ century holds that Pope Leo punished himself by cutting off his own hand and that Mary, Mother of Christ, appeared to him in a dream and reattached it. When Leo, emperor of Constantinople, falsely accused Saint John of Damascus (AD 645–750) of treason, he then ordered John's right hand to be amputated.
A. 3rd
B. 4th
C. 5th
D. 7th
According to the belief, around the year ______ the spiritual intervention of the twin saints Cosmas and Damian resulted in a successful leg transplant. Little is actually known of the lives of Cosmas and Damian except that they were martyred in Syria during the Diocletian persecution in the second half of the third century. The shrine where the miracle took place was in Rome, far from their homeland (which may have been Arabia), many centuries after their deaths.
A. 950
B. 1050
C. 1150
D. 1250
The young Hindu god Ganesha, son of Shiva and Parvati, gained a new animal head after decapitation by his angry father. Repenting of his act, the father instructed his servants to obtain the head of the first living being they could find, which was a _______________.
A. cat
B. dog
C. elephant
D. tiger
In France, Briau and Villard, surgeons in Lyon, had worked on vascular suturing, and, in 1896, the head of the Surgery Department, Mathieu Jaboulay (1860–1913), with Briau, had been first to publish good results from small blood vessel suturing. They used single "______________" sutures penetrating all layers of the vessels, and everting the edges if possible.
A. continuous
B. interrupted
C. discontinuous
D. crossover