题目内容
Understanding anthropology requires understanding its dual nature. Perhaps two inelegant but useful terms borrowed from linguistics will help. Emic refers to the array of categories (and their systematic relationships) through which the bearers of a particular culture perceive the world. Eric refers to the array of categories (and their systematic relationships) used by Western social scientists to explain the word. In other words, the emic view is the insider's, the participant's view, and the etic is the outsider's, the scientific observer's view. Pierre's emic view of his death, for exam- pie, is that he died from the power of the sorcerer; the anthropologist's "etic view" is that he died from physiological effects of fear, induced by his belief in the sorcerer. Both views are valid under the proper circumstances, but anthropology requires that they be clearly distinguished from each other because they derive from different methodologies, consist of different kinds of data, and lead to different types of knowledge. Together they facilitate a complete understanding of a culture. Anthroplogy's uniqueness lies in the fact that it encompasses them both.
In this passage the author mainly attempts to ______.
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At its best, any prison is so unnatural a form. of segregation from normal life that-- like too-loving parents and too zealous religion and all other well-meant violations of individuality-it helps to prevent the vicitims from resuming when they are let out, any natural role in human society. At its worst, the prison is almost scientifically designed to develop by force--ripening every one of the antisocial traits for which we suppose ourselves to put people into prison (I say "suppose", because actually we put people into prison only because we don't know what else to do with them). The prison makes the man who is sexually abnormal, sexually a maniac. The prison makes the man who enjoyed beating fellow drunks in a bar-room come out wanting to kill a policeman.
Probably we cannot tomorrow turn all the so-called criminals loose and close the jails--though, of course that is just what we are doing by letting them go at the end of their sentences. No society cannot free the victims. Society has unfitted liar freedom. Doubtless, since the Millennium is still centuries ahead, it is advisable to make prisons as sanitary and well-lighted as possible, that the convicts may live out their living death more comfortably.
Only keep your philosophy straight. Do not imagine that when you have by carelessness in no inoculating them, let your victims get smallpox, you are going to save them or exonerate yourselves by bathing their brows, however grateful the bathing may be.
The author says that prison is like some parents, or like some kinds of religion, in that it ______.
Tile apace at Quincy Market is now used for ______.
Which of the following statements is not true of scientists in earlier times？
The Pierre mentioned in the passage must be ______.
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