Thecaptainofamulti-crewaircraftrarelyconsultsothermembersofthecrewanddiscouragesanyverbalinputfromtheminthecourseofaflight.Thissituationcouldbedescribedas（）
A. ashallowauthoritygradient
B. asteepauthoritygradient
C. strongleadership
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Authoritygradientisanimportantfactorthatcanhaveaneffectoncommunicationinamulti-crewenvironment.Inaflightcrew,anaptarrangingis（）
A. thecaptain'spower,ability,longevityandstatusarehighermuchmorethantheothermembersoftheflightcrew.
B. thecaptain'spower,ability,longevityandstatusareequaltotheothermembersoftheflightcrew.
C. thecaptain'spower,ability,longevityandstatusishigherthantheothermembersoftheflightcrewinsomeshort
Thecaptainofamulti-crewaircraftmayconsultthefirstofficeroneveryissueandmaynevertakecommandinthecourseofaflight.Thissituationcouldbedescribedas（）
A. asteepauthoritygradient
B. atooshallowauthoritygradient
C. aparticipatoryleader
Iftheauthoritygradientistoosteep（）
A. thefirstofficermaybeunlikelytocontributeanythingtothedecisionmakingprocessevenwhenheissurethatthecaptainhasmadeamistake!
B. Thefirstofficerrespectsthecaptain'scommandstatusbutfeelsfreetocontribute.
C. thefirstofficermaybelikelytocontributeanythingtothedecisionmakingprocess
Theprimarycauseofcivilaviationaccidentinnowadaysis（）
A. Meteorologicalfactors.
B. Humanerrors.
C. Mechanicalmalfunctions.
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