1.Read the following passages carefully and analyze the structure.To Be Informed and to Be EnlightenedMortimer J. Adler &Charles Van DorenGetting more information is learning, and so is coming to understand what you did not understand before. But there is an important difference between these two kinds of learning.To be informed is to know simply that something is the case. To be enlightened is to know, in addition, what it is all about: why it is the case, what its connections are with other facts, in what respects it is the same, in what respects it is different, and so forth.This distinction is familiar in terms of the differences between being able to remember something and being able to explain it. If you remember what an author says, you have learned something from reading him. If what he says is true, you have even learned something about the world that you have learned, you have gained nothing but information if you have excised only your memory. You have not been enlightened. Enlightenment is achieved only when, in addition to knowing what an author says, you know what he means and why he says it.It is true, of course, that you should be able to remember what the author said and know what he meant as well. Being informed is prerequisite to being enlightened. The point, however, is not to stop at being informed.