As cities grew during the Bronze Age, a class of professional craftsmen( ), like bricklayers and carpenters , appeared.

A. 商人
B. 工匠
C. 承包商
D. 建筑师

Later diesel and electric powered vehicles such as cranes, excavators( ) and bulldozers.

A. 脚手架
B. 挖掘机
C. 起重机
D. 推土机

Following evaluation of bids ( ), the owner typically awards a contract to the most efficient bidder.

A. 中标
B. 努力
C. 投标
D. 吩咐

抗压强度

A. compressive strength
B. shear strength
C. flexural strength
D. yield strength

抗力

A. strength
B. stiffness
C. stability
D. resistance

受拉承载力

A. flexural capacity
B. compressive capacity
C. tensile capacity
D. fatigue capacity

极限变形

A. spatial behaviour
B. ultimate strain
C. crack resistance
D. ultimate deformation

剪变模量

A. shear modulus
B. modulus of deformation
C. modulus of elasticity
D. yield strength

刚度

A. resistence
B. strength
C. stiffness
D. stability

Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.A number of construction companies or construction management companies may then be asked to make a bid for the work , either based directly on the design,or on the basis of drawings and a bill of quantities provided by a quantity surveyor.