超星 - 第三周作业20211109163945 - 查题吧

简答题

Part II Please translate the two paragraphs into Chinese (Total Score：40）.1. Monoclonal antibodies(单克隆抗体) have a wide range of uses as very precise and sensitive analytical reagents for various pharmaceutical products such as peptides, proteins and hormones. They are also important as diagnostic reagents for a number of medical and therapeutic purposes, including screening for the presence of undesirable agents in blood samples used for transfusions. A combination of genetic manipulation and monoclonal antibody techniques might well give rise to new approaches to efficient production of viral, bacterial and parasitic antibodies. Other important uses will include tissue typing, in vivo tumour location, clinical diagnosis and therapy including targeting of chemotherapeutic agents.2. We have identified a novel means to achieve substantially increased vegetative biomass and oilseed production in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Endogenous isoforms of starch branching enzyme (SBE) were substituted by either one of the endosperm expressed maize (Zea mays L.) branching isozymes, ZmSBEI or ZmSBEIIb. Transformants were compared with the starch-free background and with the wild-type plants. Each of the maize-derived SBEs restored starch biosynthesis but both morphology and structure of starch particles were altered. Altered starch metabolism in the transformants is associated with enhanced biomass formation and more-than-trebled oilseed production while maintaining seed oil quality. Enhanced oilseed production is primarily due to an increased number of siliques(角果） per plant whereas oil content and seed number per silique are essentially unchanged or even modestly decreased. Introduction of cereal starch branching isozymes into oilseed plants represents a potentially useful strategy to increase biomass and oilseed production in related crops and manipulate the structure and properties of leaf starch.

简答题

Part Ⅲ Please translate one of the two paragraphs in English（Total Score：40）.1. 对工业上重要的重组体和突变体基因组的操控一直是工业遗传学家们创新性研究的一部分。重组DNA技术使基因的操控更加容易，能够避免种间和属间的不相容。原生质体融合、单克隆抗体以及广泛使用的组织培养技术包括植物细胞悬浮培养技术，对生物技术的发展产生了深远影响。2. 细胞可以通过重组自身结构，调节蛋白的活性和改变基因表达的方式去对外界环境变化产生反应，能引起这些反应的刺激（stimulus）就叫做信号（signal），它可以是一种小分子，大分子或是物理因子（physical factor）。这些信号与对它有所反应的细胞通过叫做受体（receptor）的分子相互联系。

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