外语类 - 职称英语

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The information in the first paragraph is presented mainly through根据以下材料，回答下面的题目。The FamiIvThe structure of a family takes different forms around the world and even in the same society.The family’S form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences.Until recently.the most common form in North America was the nuclear family，consisting of a married couple with their minor children.The nuclear family is an independent unit.It must be prepared to fend for itself.Individual family members strongly depend on one another.There is little help from outside the family in emergencies.Elderly relatives of a nuclear family are cared for only if it is possible for the family to do so.In North America，the elderly often do not live with the family;thev live in retirement communities and nursing homes.There are many parallels between the nuclear family in industrial societies.such as North America，and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits，who live in harsh environments.The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of mobility.In harsh conditions，mobility allows the family to hunt for food.For North Americans，the hunt for jobs and improved social status also requires mobility.The nuclear family was not always the North American standard. In a more agrarian time，the mall nuclear family was usually part of a larger extenged family.This might have included grandparents，mother and father，brothers and sisters，uncles，aunts，and cousins. In North America today，there is a dramatic rise in the number of single.parent households.Twice as many households in the United States are headed by divorced，separated，or never。married individuals as are comprised of nuclear families.The structure of the family，not just in North America，but throughout the world，continues to change as it adapts to changing conditions.Another good title for this passage would be

A. listing statistics
B. telling a story
C. pointing out similarities
D. pointing out differences

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The forty years from the 1930s to the 1970s was an important period根据材料，完成下面的题目。Air Transportation1. Airplanes are used to carry passengers, cargo and mail. Air transport companies operate scheduled airlines and non-scheduled services over local, regional, national, and international routes. The aircraft operated by these companies range from small single-engine planes to large multiengine jet transports.2. The first air passenger services began in 1910, when dirigibles began operation between several German cities. The first scheduled airplane service to carry passengers began in the U. S in 1914. Several experimental airmail flights took place in India, Europe, and the United States before World War I, but air transport service did not become a true business until after the war.3. During World War Two, intercontinental air transport became firmly established. After the war the new long-distance transports with advanced facilities were increasingly able to avoid storms and strong wind and make flights more economical and consistent. A new generation of "jumbo-jet" transports began operations in 1970, and the supersonic transport entered passenger service in 1976.4. During the 1970s the number of domestic passengers on U. S airlines increased about 78%, and during the 1980s the figure was up about 58%. In 1990 there were 41.8 million international passengers, the figure was a 75% increase over 1980. The total cargo flown by U. S airlines almost doubled during the 1980s, from 5.7 billion to 10.6 billion ton-miles in 1990.5. Major airports provide a wide range of facilities for the convenience of millions of travelers. These range from such basic services as ticket-sales counters and restaurants to luxury hotels, shopping centers and play areas for children. International airports must also have customs areas and currency exchange counters and so on.Paragraph 2__________.

A. in the development of air transportation
B. the earliest passenger flights were successfully operated
C. to make travel easy and pleasant for the passengers
D. to provide different services
E. the shortage of qualified pilots
F. traveling by air was very cheap

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Air transport companies use different planes.根据材料，完成下面的题目。Air Transportation1. Airplanes are used to carry passengers, cargo and mail. Air transport companies operate scheduled airlines and non-scheduled services over local, regional, national, and international routes. The aircraft operated by these companies range from small single-engine planes to large multiengine jet transports.2. The first air passenger services began in 1910, when dirigibles began operation between several German cities. The first scheduled airplane service to carry passengers began in the U. S in 1914. Several experimental airmail flights took place in India, Europe, and the United States before World War I, but air transport service did not become a true business until after the war.3. During World War Two, intercontinental air transport became firmly established. After the war the new long-distance transports with advanced facilities were increasingly able to avoid storms and strong wind and make flights more economical and consistent. A new generation of "jumbo-jet" transports began operations in 1970, and the supersonic transport entered passenger service in 1976.4. During the 1970s the number of domestic passengers on U. S airlines increased about 78%, and during the 1980s the figure was up about 58%. In 1990 there were 41.8 million international passengers, the figure was a 75% increase over 1980. The total cargo flown by U. S airlines almost doubled during the 1980s, from 5.7 billion to 10.6 billion ton-miles in 1990.5. Major airports provide a wide range of facilities for the convenience of millions of travelers. These range from such basic services as ticket-sales counters and restaurants to luxury hotels, shopping centers and play areas for children. International airports must also have customs areas and currency exchange counters and so on.Paragraph 2.

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Which of the following can be found in satiric literature?阅读材料，回答下面的题目。 Satiric LiteraturePerhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness, its originality of perspective.Satire rarely offers original ideas.Instead, it presents the familiar in a new form.Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies.What they do is look at familiar conditions from a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful, or affected.Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false.Don Quixote makes chivalry seem absurd; Brave New World ridicules the pretensions of science; A Modest Proposal dramatizes starvation by advocating cannibalism.None of these ideas is original.Chivalry was suspect before Cervantes, humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldoua Huxley, and people were aware of famine before Swirl.It was not the originality of the idea that made these satires popular.It was the manner of expression, the satiric method, that made them interesting and entertaining. Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are morally wholesome or ethically instructive.They are stimulating and refreshing because with common sense briskness they brush away illusions and second-hand opinions.With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous juxtaposition, and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude. Satire exists because there is need for it.It has lived because readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus,an irreverent reminder that they live in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy. Satire serves to prod people into all awareness of truth, though rarely to any active on behalf of truth. Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see, hear, and read in popular media issanctimonious, sentimental, and only partially true.Life resembles in only a slight degree the popular image of it. Soldiers rarely hold die ideals that movies attribute to them, nor do ordinary citizens devote their lives to unselfish service of humanity.Intelligent people know these things but tend to forget them when they do not hear them expressed.What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Newly emerging philosophies.
B. Odd combinations of objects and ideas.
C. Abstract discussion of morals and ethics.
D. Wholesome characters who are unselfish.

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