自考公共课 - 英语（二）

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The main idea of this passage is that______.

A. children should be encouraged to draw freely
B. children should follow their parents' examples
C. parents should know how to cultivate their kids' creativity
D. most parents teach their kids confidently and instructively

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How often one hears children wishing they were grown up，and old people wishing they were young again. Each age has its pleasures and its pains，and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time in useless regrets. Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities. If a child has good parents，he is well fed，looked after and loved. It is unlikely that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return. In addition，life is always presenting new things to the child-things that have lost their，interest for older people because they are too well known. A child finds pleasure in playing in the rain，or in the snow. His first，visit to the seaside is a marvelous adventure. But a child has his pains：he is not so free to do as he wishes as he thinks older people are；he is continually being told what to do and what not to do. Therefore，a child is not happy as he wishes to be. When the young man starts to earn his own living，he becomes free from the discipline of school and parents；but at the same time he is forced to accept responsibilities. With no one to pay for his food，his clothes，or his room，he has to work if he wants to live comfortably. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child，he will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents，he may get himself into trouble. If，however，he works hard，goes by the law and has good health，he may feel satisfied in seeing himself make steady progress in his job and in building up for himself his own position in society. Old age has always been thought of as the worst age to be；but it is not necessary for the old to be unhappy. With old age comes wisdom and the ability to help others with advice wisely given. The old can have the joy of seeing their children making progress in life；they can watch their grandchildren growing up around them；and，perhaps best of all，they can，if their life has been a useful one，feel the happiness of having come through the battle of life safely and of having reached a time when they can lie back and rest，leaving everything to others. The happiest people should be those who______.

A. face up to difficulties in life
B. hope to be young again
C. enjoy life in different ages
D. wish to be grown up

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The main idea of the passage is about______.

A. women's role in American families
B. advantages of fast food for Americans
C. modem lifestyles and diet in America
D. shift of American home entertainment

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Americans are a very energetic and mobile people，always on the run，rushing from one appointment to another，from a PTA(Parent-Teacher Association)meeting to a social planning committee. They have very little time to spend preparing elaborate(精致的，复杂的)everyday meals to be eaten at leisure. In many homes it is rare for the whole family to sit down at supper together. Clubs and committees force them to grab a quick meal rather than a sit-down supper. When they do have the chance to eat at home，often the working housewife prefers to prepare meals that can be quickly heated and consumed. It is no wonder，therefore，that America has become a shelter for fast food consumption. This great transformation occurred after World War Ⅱ when many women began to work full time and spend less time at home with their families. Women，however，wanted to function well in the capacity of homemaker，as well as that of career woman but time became a precious commodity(商品)which had to be carefully used. Therefore，it was necessary to make her life easier at home in the preparation of the family dinner. Simultaneously with women entering the job market there was also a shifting of the focus of home entertainment from the radio to the television. Television became the latest fashion in the 1950s and no one wanted to miss his or her favorite programs. And then. the place for supper shifted from the dining room to the living room. As the customs changed，so did the culture. The immediate solution for this was the invention of the TV dinner. These were frozen meals which were divided into portions of meat and vegetables. They could easily be put into an oven(锅)and prepared within minutes. The tin trays(托盘)in which they were served were conveniently carried into the living room and dinner Was consumed in front of a TV set. Cleaning up afterwards Was no problem. The fin trays were easily thrown into the garbage. From fast dinners at home the next step was quick eating while on the road. Love for TV was combined with the fascination for the automobile. It is not odd that with the development of the superhighways America saw the beginning of fast food chains. McDonald's paved the way with its variety of burgers and cold drinks soon to be followed by all kinds of other foods. Today dozens of fast-food chain stores can be found along highways，in modem shopping malls and scattered throughout neighborhoods in America. Taco Bell，Pizza Hut，Roy Roger's，Burger King and Wendy's ale just a few of the fast-food chains which are now part of American culture. They offer chicken，donuts，tacos and pizza，all quickly produced in great quantities for the masses. These establishments have given shape to the modem lifestyles and diet of the American people. In America，the whole family seldom have dinner together at home because______.

A. they have so many social activities
B. they have a lot of meetings to attend
C. they rush from one appointment to another
D. they often move from one place to another

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In order to cut down on the carbon emission，more people choose to travel______.

A. by electric car，bicycle or plane
B. by private car，bicycle or bus
C. by bus，electric car or plane
D. by bicycle. bus or electric car

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The word“they”in Line 4，Para. 2 refers to______.

A. older people
B. new things
C. children
D. interests

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We all know that humans are damaging the environment，but what can we do about it？Some people are trying to do their bit to be more environmentally friendly. Local councils in Britain encourage certain aspects of green living，such as recycling paper，tin，plastic and glass. They want to reduce the amount of rubbish going into landfill sites(填埋场)，because they are running out of places to dump(倾倒)rubbish. In some areas rubbish for recycling is collected from your doorstep，but in other areas，you have to take it to a special recycling place，such as a bottle bank. Another way of reducing the amount of rubbish you create is to use reusable products instead of disposable ones. For example，some people use strong shopping bags or boxes for their groceries instead of plastic carrier bags，or use washable nappies instead of disposables. More people are becoming interested in reducing their carbon footprint-the amount of carbon they use up. They try to reduce their carbon emissions(释放)by cycling，using public transport or an electric car，rather than driving gas-consuming vehicles. Some people choose not to fly for holiday trips because planes are the biggest producers of carbon emissions. You can make“green”choices when buying food too. It's best to buy food which was locally grown or produced so that it hasn't been imported by air，or shipped by road from far away. Houses can be environmentally friendly too. It takes less energy to heat a house if it has good insulation(绝缘，隔热)and double glazing(双层玻璃). You can also create your own energy if you have solar panels or a wind turbine fitted though these can be expensive. You can also save water by using a rain water container for washing the car or watering the garden. It's even possible to use a system where“grey water”-water which has been through a tap(水龙头)once already，is used to flush(冲洗)toilets. Some new housing projects are being built specifically to be as environmentally friendly as possible. The purpose of collecting reusable wastes is to______.

A. save energy consumed in daily life
B. reduce the amount of rubbish dumped
C. create a new way of green living
D. decrease the amount of carbon produced

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