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根据以下材料,回答题<br>Can Loud Music Cause Hearing Impairment (损伤) ?<br>Have You ever gone to a concert and realized that your seats were right next to the booming speakers? Are you guilty 51______ turning up the volume on your portable cassette or CD player to drown out the whining (哭哭啼啼 ) of your little brother? Sometimes it"s difficult to avoid loud music or noises, but they can be bad news because loud noises can 52______ temporary or permanent hearing loss.<br>Extremely loud music and noises that go on for long periods of 53______ are common causes of deafness. If a noise is so loud that you have to shout to make yourself 54______ , there is a 55______ that the mechanism inside your ear can be injured. Temporary hearing loss can happen after you"ve been 56______ to loud noise for only 15 minutes. If you have temporary hearing loss, you won"t be able to hear as 57______<br>as you normally can, and you may have tinnitus (耳鸣) , which is a fancy word for ringing in the ears. Your ears call feel "full", too. 58______ these things usually go away and your hearing soon returns to normal.<br>Permanent hearing loss can happen when someone is exposed to loud noise 59______ and over.<br>Construction workers and people who work in factories must 60______ ear protectors because the equipment they use can be extremely loud. But even some lawn mowers (割草机) and power tools can permanently 61______ a person"s ability to hear high-pitched noises and can also give him permanent tinnitus. Listening to extremely loud music over and over call also have the same effect on a person"s 62______ . And using headphones on a portable cassette or CD player can be dangerous 63______ if the volume is too high and the headphones are used a lot, the noise can damage the ears.<br>The best way to avoid hearing loss is to wear eat protectors when working with machinery and earplugs when going to a 64______ . Headphones are OK to wear when you"re listening to music; just be sure the volume isn"t too high, and give them a rest. 65______ in a while.<br>回答(51)题 查看材料

A. of
B. for
C. at
D. on

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根据以下材料,回答题<br>The Dangers of Secondhand Smoke<br>Most people know that cigarette smoking is harmful to their health. Scientific research shows that it causes many kinds of diseases. In fact, many people who smoke get lung cancel. However,Edward Gilson has lung cancer, and he has never smoked cigarettes. He lives with his wife, Evelyn,who has smoked about a pack of cigarettes a day throughout their marriage. 46______<br>No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer. Nevertheless, doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke, from other people"s cigarettes. 47______ The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53,000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.<br>The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals. In the past, scientists did not think that these chemicals could harm a nonsmoker"s health. 48______ They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic (有毒的 ) chemicals in their bodies. As a matter of fact, almost all of US breathe tobacco smoke at times, whether we realize it or not. For example, we cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants, hotels and other public places. Even though many public places have nonsmoking areas, smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted. It is even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke.<br>49______ Research shows that children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are sick more often than children who live in homes where no one smokes and that the children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are adults as are children of nonsmokers. The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke.<br>People are becoming very aware of the dangers of secondhand smoke. 50______<br>回答(46)题 查看材料

A. Recently, though, scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers.
B. The Gilsons have been married for 35 years.
C. This smoke is called secondhand smoke.
D. However, secondhand smoke is dangerous to all people, old or young.
E. As a result, they have passed laws which prohibit people from smoking in many public places.
F. In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.

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根据以下材料,回答题<br>Cancer Drug Trials Often Halted Early<br>An increasing number of clinical trials for new cancer treatments are being halted before the risks and benefits have been fully evaluated, say Italian researchers, who warn that this growing trend could put patients at risk of harm from new therapies rushed into use.<br>The researchers looked at 25 randomized, controlled clinical trials that were stopped early because the treatments had started to show benefit to patients.<br>"When we analyzed 25 trials over a 10-year period between 1997 and 2007, we found a consistent increase in prematurely stopped trials——more than 50 percent were stopped within the last three years," study co-author Giovanni Apolone said at a news conference Tuesday.<br>Of 14 trials halted early and published between 2005 and 2007, the researchers found that 11(79 percent) of them were used to support drug approval applications submitted to the European Medicines Agency and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.<br>"This suggests a strong commercial component in stopping trials prematurely. In fact, this strategy could guarantee quicker access to the market for companies. On the other hand, a quicker clinical drug development may lead to an "immature" benefit/risk balance of new drugs,"Apolone said.<br>He and his colleagues "are aware that trials stopped early because they are showing benefit may result in identification of promising new treatments for patients. However, findings obtained following this strategy should be considered to be preliminary results that require subsequent confmnation."<br>It can take several years for the long-term benefits or harmful side effects of a new treatment to become apparent, Apolone noted, but the average duration (持续时间) of the 25 studies he and his colleagues analyzed was 30 months, with a range from 12 to 64 months.<br>They also found that at the time five of the studies were stopped, they"d enrolled less than 40 percent of the total number of patients planned for final analysis.<br>"Clinical trials need to stop early for superior benefit whenever there"s proof beyond reasonable doubt that the new treatment really is superior. That would be an ethical obligation,"Stuart Pocock, a professor of medical statistics at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in the United Kingdom, said at the news conference. "However, too many trials are stopped early claiming efficacy (功效) without strong evidence being available."<br>The number of prematurely stopped clinical trials has increased recently. 查看材料

A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned

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根据以下材料,回答题<br>A New Citizenship Test<br>(1) Last week, a sample of the new US citizenship (公民身份) exam was released by the US Citizenship and Immigration Services (US-CIS). It will be tried out in 10 cities early next year to replace the current test in 2008. Instead of asking how many stripes the US flag has, as the current test does, the new one asks why there are 13 stripes. Instead of having to name the branches of government, an applicant is asked to explain why there are three.<br>(2) "The goal is to make it more meaningful." explains Emilio Gonzalez, director of the US-CIS.Immigrants who pass it are expected to have a better "understanding and respect" for US civic(公民的) values, Gonzalez says.<br>(3) The US isn"t the only country dealing with citizenship tests that aim to get a "shared commitment" from immigrants for their adopted country"s "values". In recent years, in addition to the usual requirement of language/work skills and economic status, several European countries have adopted citizenship tests. Britain introduced a new citizenship test last November. In March, a new Dutch law took effect requiring all would-be immigrants to take a citizenship test. It involved watching a video showing nude (裸体的 ) women bathing at beaches and gay (同性恋的 ) men kissing in public. The aim was to ensure that "newcomers will be comfortable with the country"s liberal social mores (风俗) ".<br>(4) Europe has been known for welcoming immigrants for decades. But, today, the fact is that some immigrants are kept apart from local citizens by culture and they become hostile to each other. Promoting integration has become a major concern for European countries, after the rioting in Muslim ghettoes (穆斯林聚居区) in France and the killing of Dutch public figures by religious extremists.<br>(5) Officials believe that a person"s attachment to, a country can be tested by his or her knowledge of the country. However, some critics say that the changes can do little to help people assimilate (同化) themselves. "Immigration is a culture war today. Is giving a new test the right way to lessen the accusations in that fight?" says Ali Noorani, of the Massachusetts Immigrant and Refugee Advocacy Coalition (难民辩护联盟) .<br>Paragraph 2 __________ 查看材料

A. Preparation for taking a citizenship test
B. Citizenship tests in European countries
C. Importance of promoting integration
D. Necessity to know the branches of government
E. Different views on the new citizenship test
F. Goal of the new citizenship test

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