填空题
Every global leader should know about two dimensions that 1.______ from one culture to another: deference (服从) to authority and decision-making style.Research by Erin Meyer at INSEAD shows that understanding how people approach these two variables in different parts of the world can help managers 2. ______ and avoid miscommunication. Some cultures are more egalitarian (主张人人平等的), while others defer more to formal hierarchies.But the second dimension, a culture’ approach to decision-making, can be surprisingly 3. ______ of their views of authority. U.S. workers for example, 4. ______ their more egalitarian culture, often rely on the boss to make quick decisions that may be changed or readjusted 5. ______. In Germany, 6. ______, more people are 7. ______ in the decision-making process upfront, as consensus is negotiated. Decisions take longer to be reached and once a decision is made, it’s a 8. ______ that’s not easily changed.By comparing these decision-making norms to a culture’s 9. ______ toward authority, four basic leadership styles 10. ______.In cultures that are both consensual and egalitarian, decisions are often reached through 11. ______, ongoing discussions. The boss is a facilitator, not the decider, and you shouldn’t 12. ______ things because once a decision is reached, it will be difficult to change.In consensual, hierarchical cultures, deference to authority is strong, but decisions are made by groups not individuals. 13. ______ more time in developing the agreement of others before coming to a group decision. Your team will defer to your instructions, yet 14.______ to be part of the decision-making process.In top-down, hierarchical cultures, the boss is both the clear authority figure and individual decision-maker. His decisions will be followed without pushback. Be clear about how you want to be treated and be sure to explain when you want input or 15. ______, otherwise your suggestions could be 16. ______ as orders.In top-down, egalitarian cultures everyone is encouraged to speak up with honest input or dissentingvoices and help the boss make a good decision. However once the boss reaches a decision, employees should quickly align with the boss, while remaining 17. ______ as decisions may change.All four types of leadership are 18. ______ on their own, but a lot can go wrong when they 19. ______. By identifying where you fall on the map---and where your counterparts are coming from---you can avoid a lot of 20. ______.
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