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Martial stability is related to the costs of achieving an acceptable agreement on family consumption and production and to the prevailing social price of instability in the marriage partners-social-economic group. Expected AFDC income exerts pressures on family instability by reducing the cost of dissolution. To the extent that welfare is a form. of government subsidized alimony payments, it reduces the institutional costs of separation and guarantees a minimal standard of living for wife and children. So welfare opportunities are a significant determinant of family instability in poor neighborhoods, but this is not the result of AFDC regulations that exclude most intact families from coverage. Rather, welfare-related instability occurs because public assistance lowers both the benefits of marriage and the costs of its disruption by providing a system of government-subsidized alimony payments.
Some criticize the current welfare regulations because______.
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Few great architects have been so adamant in their belief in the integration of architecture and design as Charles Rennie Mackintosh. Clients who tried to modify his grip on every detail of the structure, interior decoration or furniture often ended up with the architect losing his temper —and his commission. Now, 63 years after he died, Mackintosh has found the perfect patron, in the form. of a 56-year-old structural engineer and fellow Glaswegian named Graham Roxburgh.
The story begins with a competition launched in December 1900 by Zeitschrift Fur Innendekoration, an innovative design magazine published in the German city of Darmstadt. European architects were invited to design an Art Lover's House. Mackintosh sent in his entry in March 1901, his one chance to design a house unfettered by financial constraints or a conservative client. But he was disqualified for failing to include the required number of drawings of the interior. He hastily completed the portfolio, which he then resubmitted. Delighted with the designs, the judges awarded Mackintosh a special prize (there was no outright winner).
Publication of these drawings did much to establish Mackintosh's reputation abroad as an original and distinctive architect, particularly in Austria and Germany. The Art Lover's House is an important twentieth-century building because it anticipates the abstract forms of Modernism. At first glance it could be an illustration from the thirties. Artists of the avant-garde Vienna Secession described Mackintosh as "our leader who showed us the way" —an acclaim that he was never able to gain at home. Rich Glasgow businessmen never quite took him seriously.
But today Glaswegians hail Mackintosh as their local genius. Three years ago, the enterprising Mr Roxburgh, who has already rescued Craigie Hall, a mansion on the outskirts of Glasgow that Mackintosh helped design, hatched a plan to build the Art Lover's House —now close to completion on a site in Glasgow's Bellahouston Park. Strathclyde Council, the Scottish Development Agency and the Scottish Tourist Board have picked up a third of the hefty ￡3 million bill. Roxburgh has raised the rest through sponsorship and private loans.
The original designs contradict each other in places. Details of the elaborate external stone carvings and much of the furniture and fittings for the main interiors —which will be open to the public are exact, but Mackintosh gave no indication of what should be done with the lower ground floor or the roof spaces. No matter, for the area will be rented out as offices to recoup some of the costs. The plans have been meticulously interpreted by Andy McMillan of Glasgow's Mackintosh School of Architecture and the furniture made by an expert cabinet-maker.
The elegant, mysterious music-room is lit by tall windows along one side; the vertical lines are repeated in the elongated female figures embroidered on linen that hang in the recesses, in the clusters of coloured lamps suspended on slender wires and the uncomfortable high-backed chairs.
The whole effect culminates in the strange superstructure of the piano.
What would Mackintosh have made of the Art Lover's House？ There is a danger it will be all too perfect, like those expensive reproduction Mackintosh chairs you find in shiny magazines or on the dust-free floors of design buffs. Yet Roxburgh's attention to detail and refusal to cut corners makes him a man after Mackintosh's heart. He is now hunting for an extra ￡300,000 to complete the interiors according to his exacting requirements.
Why were there sometimes problems between Mackintosh and his clients？
工业企业销售生产用原材料不构成企业收入的一部分。()
What are some listeners asked to do？
听力原文：M: If I were you I'd take the bus to work. Driving in that rush hour traffic is terrible.
W: But by the time the bus gets to my stop, there aren't any seats left.
Q: How does the woman prefer to go to work？
(14)
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