题目内容
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Sleep is a funny thing. We're taught that we should get seven or eight hours a night, but a lot of us get by just fine on less, and some of us actually sleep too much. A study out of the University of Buffalo last month reported that people who routinely sleep more than eight hours a day and are still tired are nearly three times as likely to die of stroke-- probably as a result of an underlying disorder that keeps them from snoozing(睡) soundly.
Doctors have their own special sleep problems. Residents(住院医生) are famously sleep deprived. When I was training to become a neurosurgeon, it was not unusual to work 40 hours in a row without rest. Most of us took it in stride, confident we could still deliver the highest quality of medical care. Maybe we shouldn't have keen so sure of ourselves. An article in the Journal of the American Medical Association points out that in the morning after 24 hours of sleeplessness, a person's motor performance is comparable to that of someone who is legally intoxicated. Curiously, surgeons who believe that operating under the influence is grounds for dismissal often don't think twice about operating without enough sleep.
"I could tell you horror stories," says Jaya Agrawal, president of the American Medical Student Association, which runs a website where residents can post anonymous anecdotes. Some are terrifying. "I was operating after being up for over 36 hours," one writes. "I literally fell asleep standing up and nearly face planted into the wound."
"Practically every surgical resident I know has fallen asleep at the wheel driving home from work," writes another. "I know of three who have hit parked cars. Another hit a 'Jersey barrier' on the New Jersey Turnpike, going 65 m. p.h." "Your own patients have become the enemy," writes a third, because they are "the one thing that stands between you and a few hours of sleep."
Agrawal's organization is supporting the Patient and Physician Safety and Protection Act of 2001, introduced last November by Representative John Conyers Jr. of Michigan. Its key provisions, modeled on New York State's regulations, include an 80-hour workweek and a 24-hour work-shift limit. Most doctors, however, resist such interference. Dr. Charles Binkley, a senior surgery resident at the University of Michigan, agrees that something needs to be done but believes "doctors should be bound by their conscience, not by the government."
The U.S. controls the hours of pilots and truck drivers. But until such a system is in place for doctors, patients are on their own. If you're worried about the people treating you or a loved one, you should feel free to ask how many hours of sleep they have had and if more-rested staffers are available. Doctors, for their part, have to give up their pose of infallibility (不出错) and get the rest they need.
What can we learn from Paragraph 1？
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Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
听力原文： When I first came to the United States, I was told that I should apply for my social security number. So I took the bus down to the Social Security Office. The office was busy, with several people waiting in line. When it was my turn, the officer gave me a long form. and told me to fill it out and return it to him. I took my form, found a seat, and sat down to fill it out.
I read over the form. several times, but, to my frustration, I still could not make any sense out of it. I felt terrible, and began to doubt my ability to survive in America. "Oh, dear," I thought, "If this is so difficult for me, how will I ever get through school？" After trying again and again to read and understand the form, I finally said to myself, "Even with all the years I've studied English, I haven't learned enough vocabulary to fill out a basic form. But I must apply for a social security number. There is no way around it. I will have to get help." So I reluctantly approached the officer for help. "Excuse me, sir. Could you help with this form？ I'm a newcomer here, and I can't understand it." The officer looked over the form, and said in surprise, "Oh no, I've made a mistake. This form. is in Spanish. Here, take a new form." Was I embarrassed! He gave me the new form, and I filled it out in a few minutes. Two weeks later, I received notice of my social security number.
I have been in the United States for two years now, but I still can't forget that embarrassing moment during my first visit to the Social Security Office.
(27)
听力原文：M: What do you usually do on Sundays？
W: I usually go to church in the morning and work in the garden in the afternoon, while in the evening, I prefer to read the paper on the sofa.
What does the woman usually do on Sunday evening？
证据不能捕风捉影，这是因为证据具有
听力原文： If the earth gets hotter in the new century, what will happen to animals and the plants which animals depend on for survival？ The question offers another way of looking at the "Greenhouse Effect". People have talked about the general problem of "Global Warming" for some time, but they were usually worried about things like whether to buy a house on the coast. Biologists and other scientists turned their attention to plants and animals at an important meeting that took place last October. They reviewed evidence that plants and animals are sensitive to climate Since the Ice Age ended 10,000 years ago and warmer temperatures returned to the northern latitudes, many species have migrated north. If the predictions about the greenhouse are correct, temperatures will rise by the same amount in the next 100 years, as they did in the past 10,000 years. Will animals and plants be able to adapt that quickly to change in the environment？ Many won't. Certain species will probably become very rare. Experts say plants under climate stress will be very open to disease and fire. Forest fires may become more common. That, in turn, may harm animals that depend on the trees for food or shelter. Any preserves we set up to protect endangered species may become useless as the species are forced to migrate along with their natural homes." Change is part of life, but rapid change," says scientist George Wood Wall, "is the enemy of life."
(33)
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