The product-variety externality is associated with the
A. producer surplus that accrues to incumbent firms in a monopolistically competitive industry.
B. loss of consumer surplus from exposure to additional advertising.
C. consumer surplus that is generated from the introduction of a new product.
D. opportunity cost of firms exiting a monopolistically competitive industry.
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Defenders of advertising argue that in some markets advertising may
A. decrease elasticity of demand allowing firms to charge a larger markup over marginal cost.
B. impede competition.
C. signal quality to consumers, because advertising is expensive.
D. reduce the deadweight loss associated with monopolistic competition.
If a firm in a monopolistically competitive market successfully uses advertising to decrease the elasticity of demand for its product, the firm will
A.be able to increase its markup over marginal cost.
B. eventually have to reduce price to remain competitive.
C. increase the welfare of society.
D. reduce its average total cost.
Critics of markets that are characterized by firms that sell brand-name products argue that brand names encourage consumers to pay more for branded products that
A. have elastic demand curves.
B. are very different from generic products.
C. are indistinguishable from generic products.
D. consumer-advocate groups have found to be inferior.
A profit-maximizing firm in a monopolistically competitive market can earn positive, negative, or zero profits in the short run.
A. 对
B. 错
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