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What dose Jeremy Riflcin and Ted Howard's statement imply？
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Common-cold Sense
You can't beat it, but you don't have to join it. Maybe it got the name "common cold" because it's more common in winter. The fact is, though, being cold doesn't have anything to do with getting one. Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses, and, at least so far, medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one.
Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults, because they have more colds than adults — an average of about eight per year. Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents？ Simple. They haven't had the oppommity to become immune to many cold viruses.
There are more than 150 different cold viruses, and you never have the same One twice. Being infected by one makes you immune to it — but only it.
Colds are usually spread by direct contact, not sneezing or coughing. From another person' s hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route. The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is found under the thumbnails of a boy, although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other sm6oth surfaces.
Hygiene is your best defense. Wash your hands frequently, preferably with a disinfectant soap, especially when children in your household have colds.
But even careful hygiene won't ward off every cold. So, what works when a coughing,sneezing,
runny nose strikes？
The old prescription of two aspirins, lots of water, and bed rest is a good place to start. But you'll also find some of the folk remedies.., worth Wing. Hot mixtures of sugar (or honey), lemon, and water have real benefits.
rhinovirus n. 鼻病毒
immune adj. 免疫的，有免疫力的
disinfectant n.消毒剂，杀菌剂
prescription n. (1)诀窍 (2)处方，药方
sneeze vi.打喷嚏
thumbnail n.拇指甲
Accordingtothe essay, you may have a cold because ______.
Unpopular Subjects？
Is there a place in today's society for the study of useless subjects in our universities？ Just over 100 years ago Fitzgerald argued in a well-written letter(51)Nature that "Universities must be allowed to study useless subjects—(52)they don't, who will？" He went on to use the(53)of Maxwell's electrodynamics (电动力学) as one case where a "useless subject" has been transformed to a useful subject.
Nowadays this argument is again very much(54)in many universities. Indeed one suspects that it is one of those arguments that must be(55)anew (重新) by each generation. But now there is an added twist (歪曲)—subjects must not only be useful, they must also be(56)enough that students will flock (蜂拥) to do them, and even flock to pay to do them.
As universities become commercial operations, the pressure to(57)subjects or departments that are less popular will become stronger and stronger. Perhaps this is most strongly(58)at the moment by physics. There has been much(59)in the press of universities that are closing down physics departments and incorporate them with mathematics or engineering departments.
Many scientists think otherwise. They see physics as a(60)science, which must be kept alive if only to(61)a base for other sciences and engineering. It is of their great personal concern that physics teaching and research is under(62)in many universities. How can it be preserved in the rush towards commercial competition？ A major turnaround (转变) in student popularity may have to(63)until the industrial world discovers that it needs physicists and starts paying them well. Physics is now not only unpopular; it is also "hard". We can do more about the latter by(64)teaching in our schools and universities. We can also(65)cooperative arrangements to ensure that physicists keep their research and teaching up to date.
"Salty" Rice Plant Boosts Harvests
British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more.
Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex University's School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty.
The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice.
It is estimated that each year more than 100 hectares (公顷) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨碍生长) plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves (红树林) that create swamps (沼泽) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep (渗透) in. In Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated (蒸发) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind.
Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive.
To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants' growth. They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use.
Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.
Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is TRUE？
Magaplane (巨型飞机)
The Boeing Corp. and Europe's Airbus consortium (财团) are preparing to offer bigger airplanes to the world's airlines. Now that talks on a joint project have broken down, Boeing is pushing a stretched (拓展的) version of 747, and Airbus is designing an all-new aircraft, known as the A3XX.
Seating 550 passengers in the basic model, and 650 in a stretched version, the 1.2 million pound A3XX will not only be the largest airplane in the world, but it will also be one of the most advanced. The outer wings and the horizontal stabilizer (as big as a smaller jet's wing) will be made of carbon-fiber composite materials, and will be the largest such structures on any aircraft except the B-2 stealth bomber (隐形轰炸机). Metal skins will be welded (焊接) together with lasers, removing thousands of fasteners.
When a strong wind strikes the A3XX's 260-foot wing, movable control surfaces will prevent it from flexing (扭曲) like a giant spring. This will make the ride smoother and will save weight by reducing the load on the wing spars (翼梁). A flexible-skinned flap (副翼) will subtly change the wing's curvature (曲面) to match the airplane's changing weight as it burns fuel on each journey.
The A3XX will carry up to 1,600 meals, filling more than 100 food and beverage (饮料) carts. To make more room for passengers, Airbus plans to put the carts in the lower hold; automatic conveyors and elevators will deliver them to the two passenger decks. Airlines have asked Airbus to look at extra features ranging from lower-deck sleeper cabins to a children's playroom.
Airbus expects to offer the A3XX to airlines in 1998, and cleliver the first aircraft in 2003.
The basic model of A3XX can carry more than 500 passengers.
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